Draft:Taff Groves

Early life and military career
Taff Groves was born in Cardiff and grew up in the Ely and Cathays areas. At the age of 19, he joined the Royal Regiment of Wales. After a brief period with the RAF Regiment, he returned to the Royal Regiment of Wales. In 1985, Groves successfully passed the selection for the United Kingdom (UK) Special Forces on his first attempt and was subsequently attached to the Special Air Service (SAS). He served in 'B' Squadron 22 SAS and later in L Detachment Reserves. His military career spanned over 30 years and was principally within UK Special Forces.

Post military life
After retiring from full-time service in the British Army, Groves embarked on a career as a security consultant within the private business sector. Using his extensive expertise in security matters, he played crucial roles in various high-stakes engagements. One of the most notable incidents occurred during the Westgate Shopping Mall terrorist attack in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2013. 

For a decade, his true involvement and identity remained undisclosed to the public. However, in September 2023, marking the 10th anniversary of the Westgate attack, Groves was persuaded by survivors to share his story. This revelation highlighted his heroic actions and the significant impact he had during one of the most harrowing terrorist attacks in recent history. Made all the more the more remarkable because he assisted and saved 100's while unarmed.

Damien Lewis, British best selling author and filmmaker, fellow of the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust and the Royal Geographical Society, who has spent over twenty years reporting from and writing about conflict zones in many countries said of Groves; "Courage beyond measure, but knowing this guy as I do, that's hardly surprising."

Background
In his role as the senior global security advisor for a logistics company, Groves arrived in Nairobi on Thursday, 19th September 2013. His visit, scheduled to last only a few days, included his first face to face introduction to Irish national, Lorcan Byrne, an ex-Ranger Tier 1 and the company's East Africa security manager based in Nairobi.

Events Leading Up to the Attack
Originally, Groves and Byrne had planned to meet with a client in the field, but logistical issues meant they had to rearrange to an informal meeting at a café on the ground floor near the front entrance of the Westgate Mall. This was in the morning of Saturday, 21st September 2013. After their meeting, they returned to their nearby company office.

The Attack
Shortly after returning to their office, Byrne received a text message from a local security manager reporting gunfire at the Westgate Mall. It was suspected that a criminal or terrorist attack was underway. As historical records show, at least four Al-Shabab terrorists had entered the Westgate Mall, targeting the very café where Groves and Byrne had been meeting just 30 minutes earlier.

Emergency Response
Upon learning of the attack, the company's standard emergency response plan was activated. The initial steps involved accounting for all personnel and their family members, informing them of the ongoing incident, advising them to stay safe, and preventing them from moving towards the danger zone. It soon became evident that two company employees were unaccounted for and likely still inside the Westgate Mall.

These concerns were confirmed: Canadians Herman Lang and his wife Noella were trapped within the mall.

Lang and his wife had arrived at the mall shortly before the attack and were dining at the Onami restaurant (Now closed permanently) on the third floor when the terrorists struck. Lang, on recognizing the sounds of gunfire and explosions, quickly took action. Leading around 20 people, including himself and his wife, to safety in a liquor storeroom. More people eventually joined them from the air vents above. He then supervised barricading of the door as the terrorists fired and tried to enter.

Groves and Byrne's Intervention: Arrival and Initial Assessment
In text contact with the Lang's, Groves and Byrne reassured them to stay hidden and they would attempt to rescue them.

At around 13:00, Groves and Byrne arrived at Westgate Shopping Mall, unarmed and having navigated through fleeing crowds. Forced to abandon their vehicle midway, they continued on foot. Nearing the mall, they encountered the sounds of gunfire and explosions, along with numerous casualties and wounded individuals.

Tactical Entry and Initial Encounter
After a brief discussion, Groves and Byrne opted to enter the mall via the underground car park. Moving tactically from pillar to pillar, their approach was abruptly halted when shots were fired in their direction. Forced to retreat, they reconsidered their entry point and decided to try the loading area at the rear of the Nakumatt supermarket.

Organizing the Evacuation
Upon arrival at the loading area, Groves and Byrne found 150 to 200 people hiding behind trucks and other obstacles. Utilizing their military training, they quickly took control of the situation, organizing the civilians into groups. During lulls in the gunfire, they guided these groups down the service road to the street exit, successfully evacuating all those hiding in the area.

While in the loading area, Groves noticed a hand waving from the upper-level car park, clearly covered in blood. Recognizing the urgency, he decided they would need to reach that location. However, their immediate priority was to clear the loading area, ensuring all civilians were safely evacuated before proceeding.

Collaboration with Local Law Enforcement
In the loading area, Groves and Byrne encountered several Kenyan policemen, including two reservists and two regular officers, all armed but with low ammunition. Although the officers could not spare any weapons, they agreed to assist Groves and Byrne in entering the building via the internal emergency stairwell to facilitate further evacuations.

The policemen, willing to be advised, followed Groves and Byrne's guidance on stairwell tactics, carefully advancing while the sounds of gunfire echoed throughout the mall.

Securing the Java Café
Reaching the top near the Java café, they encountered an armed security guard. Groves requested the guard to secure the corridor leading to the stairwell, which he agreed to do. Groves and Byrne then banged on the door of the Java café, reassuring those inside that they were there to help. After some persuasion, the door was opened. In the café at least 20 people were dead and the same number injured. They began the process of moving trapped individuals down the secured stairwell, instructing them to head for the loading area exit once at the bottom.

The Rooftop Car Park Scene
The Java café overlooked the rooftop car park, separated by a low wall with a bamboo partition. The terrorists had launched their attack during a children's cooking competition held in this area. The attackers had shot people and thrown grenades, causing at least one gas canister used in the competition to explode, spreading shrapnel. Amidst the chaos, an unexploded grenade lay near the cooking area.

Groves and Byrne discovered approximately 100 men, women, and children, many of whom were traumatized, hiding under cars or within the cooking area. The living were intermixed with the deceased and injured, creating a distressing scene.

At this point, witnesses confirm that Groves and Byrne split up. Byrne had been given a pistol with 15 rounds from one of the fleeing shoppers. He knew the Mall's layout well and with one of the armed policemen set off to rescue the Lang's from the Onami restaurant. They would become involved in a skirmish with the Terrorists.

Local radio host Sadia Ahmed recalls a white man (identified as Taff Groves) in a checked shirt who appeared and attempted to persuade the walking wounded to leave the deceased and follow him. Groves systematically covered the deceased with red tablecloths from the cooking competition. Witnesses reported that he repeatedly paired the injured with the uninjured and escorted them over the low wall into the Java café and to the emergency stairwell. Some were so severely injured that they needed to be carried by Groves. All the while close range shots and explosions could be heard and still the unexploded grenade lay nearby. A greater concern was that the terrorists would double back to use the rooftop ramp as an exit point and Groves was alone and unarmed in this part of the rescue mission.

Byrne eventually returned from rescuing the Lang's along with 60 other evacuees. He led them down the secured stairwell, with Groves assisting the slower and exhausted stragglers at the rear. Byrne then evacuated the Lang's to a company car.Outside, Groves was seen to approach a police commander and a Kenyan army general who had arrived. Video was taken and included in media coverage of the day, also later in the documentary Terror at the Mall footage. Groves requests assistance, offers to show a secured route to the carpark and explains he is a soldier himself. He is told they are waiting for Kenya's equivalent of a Swat team, the "Recce crew", to arrive and would take no action until they did. Groves decided not to wait. He persuades a non-uniformed Kenyan policeman (name unknown) and a civilian Sikh man, Satpal Singh, to go with him and Byrne back into the danger zone.

They moved straight back to the children's cooking area to carry on treating the casualties. Initially they only had the torn up tablecloths to use as makeshift bandages and use the table tops as makeshift stretchers. Then some volunteers from Kenya’s Red Cross arrived with an ambulance, so they finally had some medical equipment.

Groves and Byrne remained in the cooking area for the next one and a half to two hours, assisting in the treatment and evacuation of casualties to available vehicles. By approximately 4:30 PM, all rooftop casualties had been evacuated, Subsequently, Groves and Byrne exited to the street below.

In the street, Dominic Troulan encountered Groves and Byrne for the first time during the day's rescue efforts. Although Groves did not know Troulan, Byrne knew him well as both were stationed in Nairobi. After hearing a brief account of their recent activities inside the mall, Troulan sought their assistance in finding a client who was still trapped inside.

Groves and Byrne agreed to help Troulan and led him back inside via the stairwell they had been using. However, once on the roof, they noticed a military helicopter circling above the mall and became concerned about appearing suspicious and risking friendly fire. As a result, they retreated and exited the mall. Troulan's client was later freed by Kenyan security forces.

Reactions
It took over five years, until 2018, for members of the survivors' group to learn of Groves' true identity and trace him in the UK. Subsequently, rooftop car park survivors; Amanda and Simon Belcher invited Groves to visit Kenya as their guest. During this visit, he met other survivors he had helped rescue and paid respects to those who lost their lives at the Amani Memorial Garden.

In 2023, coinciding with the 10th anniversary of the attack, British and Kenyan press officially named Groves and detailed the bravery of both Groves and Byrne.

Summary
On the 21st of September 2013 at least 4 Al Shabab terrorists in civilian clothes entered from various entry points the Westgate Shopping Mall, an upscale Mall in the Westlands district of Nairobi Kenya. They were armed with AK47 rifles, RPD light machine guns and grenades. They then started throwing grenades and firing indiscriminately at shoppers and workers. The Mall was not fully declared secure until the 24th of September by Kenyan security forces.

The attack resulted in;


 * 67 deaths
 * 62 civilians
 * 5 Kenyan soldiers

Approximately 200 people were wounded in the massacre many with life changing injuries.

A major fire during the incident caused a collapse of the Mall and it has never been properly rebuilt even though it was partly reopened in 2015.