Draft:Utva 212

The Utva 212 or Ikarus 212 (also known informally as just "212") is a Yugoslav military school single-engine low-wing two-seater piston plane for advanced transitional training. The plane is of modern aerodynamic lines of wooden construction with retractable landing gear and closed cabin, which was produced at the Utva aircraft factory in Pancevo in the 1940s.

Design and development
Immediately after the end of World War II and on the basis of an internal tender from 1946, aircraft designs were made for the transitional training of pilots with the designations 212 and 213, both with the same 330 kW (450 hp) Ranger SVG-770C-B1 engine. 212 was designed by constructors Zrnić and Popović, and the prototype was made in Ikarus.

The plane was an all-wood low-wing construction with a built-in Ranger in-line engine. It had retractable landing gear with a tail wheel. The plane was a two-seater with a closed cabin in which the instructor and the student sat one behind the other (tandem layout).

The first flight of prototypes 212 and 213 was carried out in 1948, and after testing, they were serially produced at the Utva aircraft factory in Pancevo from 1950 to 1955. A total of 60 Utva 212 and 196 copies of the 213 (plane) were made. The successor of these planes of the same purpose and class was the Utva 522.

Technical description
The supporting structure of the fuselage of airplane 212 was a classic wooden one, over which longitudinal wooden slats were placed, over which the covering, which was made of impregnated canvas, was stretched.

In the fuselage of the plane there was a spacious cabin in which two cockpits were placed in a tandem arrangement (one behind the other) for the instructor and the student pilot. The student sat in the first seat and the instructor in the second. The plane has dual controls. The cabin was covered with a plexiglass cover that opened by pulling back (the so-called sunroof cover).

The wings were of wooden construction, cantilevered and self-supporting with two shoulders, trapezoidal in shape with rounded ends, covered with impregnated canvas. The movable parts of the wings were covered with impregnated canvas. The axis of the wing was perpendicular to the axis of the plane. The constructions of the tail surfaces were made as wooden constructions, covered with impregnated cloth.

The landing gear of this aircraft was classic retractable. The legs of the wheeled landing gear were pulled into the wing roots in flight. There were oil-pneumatic shock absorbers in the legs, and the landing gear legs were retracted hydraulically. Brakes were installed in the wheels. There was a piano rubber wheel on the tail of the plane that did not retract into the plane's fuselage during flight.

General

 * Engine - 1 x 330 kW Ranger SVG-770C-B1
 * Elisa - two-arm variable pitch
 * Wingspan - 11.00 m,
 * Wing area - 21.90 m²
 * Length - 9.32 m
 * Aircraft height - 3.58 m
 * Weight (when empty) - 1,300 kg
 * Maximum take-off weight - 2,400 kg
 * Crew - 2
 * Armament - 2 machine guns 7.92 mm, and 2 light bombs of 50 kg under the wings
 * Landing gear - retractable

Performance

 * Maximum speed - 287 km/h,
 * Travel speed - 242 km/h,
 * Range - 920 km,
 * Flight ceiling - 7,000 m