Draft:Wang Chengshu

Wang Chengshu Date of birth: June 26, 1912 Date of death: June 18, 1994 Gender: Female Nationality: China Native place: Wuchang, Hubei Province, China Graduate School: University of Michigan Title: - Nuclear Physicist - Expert in gas dynamics and Uranium isotope Separation - Member of the Faculty of the Chinese Academy of Sciences - Researcher of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, PRC - Chief Engineer of the Bureau of Science and Technology (Information from the list of deceased academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Published books:          - Kinetic theory of gases

Biography
In 1934, she graduated from the physics Department of Yenching University. In 1936, she received a master's degree from Yenching University.

In 1939, she married Zhang Wenyu.

In 1941, she studied in the United States.

In 1944, she received a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Michigan Research Institute.

In 1956, she returned to China as a researcher in the Theoretical Research Department of the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a professor at Peking University.

In 1958, she was transferred to the thermonuclear fusion Laboratory of the Institute of Atomic Energy to do theoretical work.

In 1959, she was assigned to the Soviet Atomic Energy Research Institute for three months.

From 1961 to 1965, she was a researcher and deputy Director of the Uranium Isotope Separation Laboratory of the Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

From 1965 to 1978, she served as a researcher and deputy director of North China 605 Institute, a researcher of the Third Research Institute of the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry, deputy director of the Revolutionary Committee, and chief designer of large gas diffuser.

In 1978, she served as a researcher of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, Chief Engineer of the Bureau of Science and Technology, Standing Committee Member of the Ministry of Science and Technology Committee and senior Advisor.

In 1980, she was elected a member of the Faculty of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

She died in Beijing on June 18, 1994, at the age of 82.

Career
During her time in the United States, Wang Chengshu mainly engaged in the study of kinetic theory of gas molecules.

In 1948, Wang Chengshu discovered important errors in Burnett's results in the first edition of Chapman and T. G. Cowling's mechanical classic The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases. She later published several important papers that were at the forefront of the world in this field. She was the first to discover the eigen value theory for solving the Boltzmann equation, and developed the generalized Boltzmann equation for polyatomic gases, the "WCV" equation.

In 1958, the Institute of Modern Physics assigned Wang Chengshu eight newly graduated students from Peking University and asked them to teach the theory of uranium isotope separation. She referred to the theoretical works of the American scholar K. Cohen, and talked while learning, and often warned students to combine theory with practice. She pioneered and laid the foundation for the research of controlled nuclear fusion reactions and plasma physics in China.

After 1961, Wang Chengshu went to the Atomic Energy Research Institute incognito to do uranium isotope separation work, and solved major issues such as purification cascade calculation, steady state and dynamic calculation of cascade.

In 1964, the state issued the task of developing a large diffusion machine, Wang Chengshu accepted the responsibility of the chief designer, and personally participated in the selection of physical parameters. This is a large diffusion machine completely designed and manufactured by China, and Premier Zhou Enlai has twice instructed to speed up development and finalization. However, due to the influence of the "Cultural Revolution", the design of the aircraft was not finalized until the late 1970s.