Dumitru Stăniloae

Dumitru Stăniloae (29 November 1903 – 4 October 1993), also Anglicized as Demetrius Staniloae, was a Romanian Orthodox Christian priest, theologian and professor. He worked for over 45 years on a comprehensive Romanian translation of the Greek Philokalia, a collection of writings on prayer by the Church Fathers, together with the hieromonk Arsenius Boca, who brought manuscripts from Mount Athos. His book, The Dogmatic Orthodox Theology (1978), made him one of the best-known Christian theologians of the second half of the 20th century. He also produced commentaries on earlier Christian thinkers, such as St Gregory of Nyssa, Saint Maximus the Confessor, and St Athanasius of Alexandria. He is a canonized saint of the Romanian Orthodox Church, venerated globally.

Biography
Dumitru Stăniloae was born on 16 November 1903, in Vlădeni, in what is now Brașov County, Romania. He was the last of five children of Rebeca (mother) and Irimie (father). His mother was a priest's niece. On 10 February 1917 he went to Brașov to study at the Andrew Șaguna High School. He received a fellowship from the Gojdu Foundation in 1918 and a fellowship from the University of Cernăuți in 1922. Disappointed by the quality of the manuals and the teaching methods, he left for the University of Bucharest after one year. He was offered a fellowship by metropolitan bishop Nicolae Bălan at the Metropolitan Center in Sibiu in 1924 during Lent. Stăniloae graduated from the University of Cernăuți in 1927, receiving a fellowship to study theology in Athens. In the fall of 1928 he earned his PhD degree at Cernăuți, with thesis Life and work of Dositheos II of Jerusalem (1641-1707) and his connections with Romanian Principalities. The Metropolitan Center in Sibiu offered him a fellowship in Byzantine studies and Dogmatics. He went to Munich to attend the courses of August Heisenberg (father of physicist Werner Heisenberg), and then went to Berlin, Paris, and Istanbul to study the work of Gregory Palamas.

He married on 4 October 1930, and his wife gave birth to twins in 1931, named Demetrius and Maria. He and his wife had another daughter, Lidia, on 8 October of the following year; and that year he met and befriended ultra-right ideologist Nichifor Crainic.

In January 1934, Stăniloae took over as editor in chief of the Transylvanian bi-weekly church newspaper Telegraful român (The Romanian Telegraph). He would hold the position until May 1945. Under the previous editor in chief, George Proca, Telegraful român had published ambivalent articles about the Jewish minority. Under Stăniloae, the editorial line became aggressively antisemitic. It published eulogies of legionaries Ion Moța and Vasile Marin, far-right politician A. C. Cuza, Romanian dictator Ion Antonescu and even Adolf Hitler. As antisemitic legislation was adopted by the successive Romanian governments Telegraful supported the legislation. Deportations of Roma and Jews were also encouraged. Some editorials (including a 1942 article suggestively titled Au să dispară din Europa, i.e., They will disappear from Europe) go as far as advocating the Final Solution.

Stăniloae was ordained a deacon on 8 October 1931 and was ordained priest on 25 September 1932. In June 1936 he became rector of the Theological Academy in Sibiu. In 1940, at the initiative of poet Sandu Tudor, the Rugul aprins (Burning Bush) group was founded. It was composed of priest-monk Ivan Kulighin (confessor of Russian Metropolitan bishop of Rostov, refugee at Cernica Monastery), priest-monk Benedict Ghius, priest-monk Sofian Boghiu, Prof. Alex. Mironescu, poet Vasile Voiculescu, architect Constantin Joja, Father Andrew Scrima and John Marin Sandoveanu. The group gathered regularly at the Cernica and Antim monasteries, maintaining Christian life in Bucharest.

In 1946 he was asked by metropolitan bishop Nicholas Bălan, under pressure from Petru Groza, first Communist Prime Minister of Romania, to resign as rector of the Theological Academy in Sibiu. He remained a professor until 1947, when he was transferred to the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Theology, as the Ascetics and Mystics chair.

Because of political unrest in Romania in 1958, following a split in the Romanian Communist Party, Father Demetrius was arrested by the Securitate on 5 September. While he was in Aiud Prison as a political prisoner, his only surviving child, Lidia, gave birth to his grandchild, Demetrius Horia. Lidia was asked to leave the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Physics because of the arrest of her father.

He was freed from prison in January 1963, and then began work as a clerk at the Holy Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church, and began teaching again in October. He attended conferences in Freiburg and Heidelberg at the invitation of Prof. Paul Miron, with the permission of the State Department of Cults, who wanted to change the image of Romania. While lecturing at Oxford University, he became friends with the theologian Donald Allchin. He retired in 1973.

He received honorary doctorates from the University of Thessaloniki in 1976, the Saint-Sergius Orthodox Institute in Paris in 1981, the Faculty of Orthodox Theology in Belgrade in 1982, and the University of Bucharest in 1992. He was awarded the Dr. Leopold Lucas prize of the Faculty of Theology in Tübingen in 1980 and the Cross of St Augustine in Canterbury'' in 1982.

He died in Bucharest on 5 October 1993, at the age of 90.

Canonization
Father Dumitru Stăniloae was proposed for canonization in 2025 when the Romanian Orthodox Church will celebrate 140 years of autocephaly and 100 years since obtaining the status of a patriarchate. On July 11th and 12th, 2024, the Romanian Orthodox Church officially approved the canonization of Stăniloae along with 15 other Romanian Orthodox saints. His feast day is on October 4th.

The news of his canonization was met with great joy among Romanian theologians. Fr. Ștefan Buchiu, a disciple of Stăniloae, expressed his elation, highlighting the significance of the canonization:


 * We have awaited with joy and hope the moment of the canonization of the most illustrious and representative Romanian theologian, Father Dumitru Stăniloae. With joy, like all who had him as a professor, who were spiritually formed and nourished by his high and profound theology, who took him as a model for theologizing, for knowing and living Orthodox spirituality. With hope, because through this decision of the Romanian Orthodox Church, the creed of Father Professor, transmitted to all his disciples, that theology is a service of the Church, in the Church, and for the Church, is confirmed. The recognition of Father Dumitru’s self-sacrifice in serving the Church through his personalist-communal theology, by bringing closer to us, today’s people, the Holy Fathers and their works, the imperishable Philokalic and liturgical Orthodox values, through the authentic Christian testimony offered in difficult times, is an act of justice and honour, whose amplitude and resonance will have positive consequences in the consciences of theologians, clerics, monks, and all Orthodox believers.

Works



 * Catholicism after the War, Sibiu, 1932
 * Life and teachings of Gregory Palamas, Sibiu, 1938
 * Orthodoxy and Romanianism, Sibiu, 1939
 * The standing of Mr. Lucian Blaga on Christianity and Orthodoxism, Sibiu, 1942
 * Jesus Christ or man's restoration, Sibiu, 1943
 * Philokalia (translation); vol. 1: Sibiu, 1946; vol. 2: Sibiu, 1947; vol. 3: Sibiu, 1948; vol. 4: Sibiu, 1948; vol. 5: Bucharest, 1976; vol. 6: Bucharest, 1977; vol. 7: Bucharest, 1978; vol. 8: Bucharest, 1979; vol. 9: Bucharest, 1980.
 * Uniatism in Transylvania, an attempt to dismember the Romanian people, Bucharest, 1973
 * Treaty of Orthodox Dogmatic Theology, Bucharest, 1978
 * Dieu est Amour, Geneva, 1980
 * Theology and the Church, New York City, 1980
 * Praying, freedom, holiness, Athens, 1980
 * Prière de Jésus et experience de Saint Esprit, Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, 1981 (ISBN 2220023206, )
 * Orthodox Spirituality, Bucharest, 1981
 * Moral Orthodox Theology, vol. 2, Bucharest, 1981
 * St. Gregory of Nyssa – Writings (translation), Bucharest, 1982
 * Orthodoxe Dogmatik, 1985
 * Le genie de l'orthodoxie, Paris, 1985
 * Spirituality a communion in Orthodox lithurgy, Craiova, 1986.
 * God's eternal face, Craiova, 1987
 * St. Athanasius the Great – Writings (translation), Bucharest, 1987
 * Orthodox Dogmatic Theology Studies (Christology of St. Maximus the Confessor, Man and God, St. Symeon The New Theologian, Hymns of God's love), Craiova, 1991
 * St. Cyril of Alexandria – Writings (translation), Bucharest, 1991

In English Translation:


 * The Victory of the Cross: A Talk on Suffering, Fairacres Publications, Oxford, 1970 (ISBN 978-0728300491)
 * Theology and the Church, SVS Press, Crestwood, 1980 (ISBN 978-0913836699)
 * Liturgy of the Community and the Liturgy of the Heart: From the Viewpoint of the Philokalia, Fairacres Publications, Oxford, 1980 (ISBN 978-0948108037)
 * Prayer and Holiness: The Icon of God Renewed in Man, Fairacres Publications, Oxford, 1982 (ISBN 978-0728300934)
 * Eternity and Time, Fairacres Publications, Oxford, 2001 (ISBN 978-0728301535)
 * Orthodox Spirituality: A Practical Guide for the Faithful and a Definitive Manual for the Scholar, STS Press, South Canaan, 2002 (translation of Orthodox Spirituality, Bucharest, 1981) (ISBN 978-1878997661)
 * The Experience of God: Orthodox Dogmatic Theology. Holy Cross Orthodox Press
 * Vol. 1, Revelation and Knowledge of the Triune God (Brookline, 2005) (ISBN 978-0917651700).
 * Vol. 2, The World: Creation and Deification (Brookline, 2005) (ISBN 978-1885652416).
 * Vol. 3, The Person of Jesus Christ as God and Savior (Brookline, 2011) (ISBN 978-1935317180).
 * Vol. 4, The Church: Communion in the Holy Spirit (Brookline, 2012) (ISBN 978-1935317265).
 * Vol. 5, The Sanctifying Mysteries (Brookline, 2012) (ISBN 978-1935317296).
 * Vol. 6, The Fulfillment of Creation (Brookline, 2013) (ISBN 978-1-935317-34-0).
 * The Holy Trinity: In the Beginning There Was Love, Holy Cross Orthodox Press (Brookline, 2012) (ISBN 978-1935317319)