Echad Mi Yodea

"Echad Mi Yodea" (אחד מי יודע?) is a traditional cumulative song sung on Passover and found in the haggadah. It enumerates common Jewish motifs and teachings. It is meant to be fun and humorous, while still imparting important lessons to the children present.

Recitation varies from family to family. The song has versions in Hebrew, Yiddish, Arabic, and many other vernacular languages. Sometimes it is played as a memory game, recited without looking. Sometimes the goal is to recite the entire verse in one breath.

Names
The song is known in several languages.
 * Yiddish as Ver ken zogn ver ken redn (ווער קען זאָגן ווער קען רעדן)
 * Ladino as Ken supyese i entendyese
 * Judeo-Arabic, according to the Syrian Jews of Aleppo, as Min Ya3lam U Min Yidri
 * Judeo-Arabic, according to the Tunisian Jews of Djerba, as Kan Nadri U Kan Nadri
 * Bukhori as Yakumin ki medonad
 * Lishan Didan as mani kyel ḥa (מַנִי כיֵל חָא)

Meaning
Although it can appear to be simply a juvenile children's song, an important message is being imparted to those present at the Passover table. The main theme of Passover, and particularly of the Seder, is not only the physical freedom of a nation of slaves. More importantly, it is the spiritual and mental freeing of this people, to become a nation unto God, His Chosen People. As His people, the Jewish Nation is expected to be wholly at one with God, and to relate everything in their lives to Him. It is sometimes thought that word association reveals the unconscious mind. Thus, it is at this point in the Seder that the Jews sing this cumulative song. After relating God's wonders and kindness, and the events of the Exodus, the song demonstrates how everything can and should relate to God: "If I say 'One', you think 'God!', if I say 'Five', you think 'Books of Moses!'"

History
According to the Encyclopaedia Judaica, this song is first found in Ashkenazi Haggadot of the 16th century. It is believed to have originated in Germany in the 15th century, possibly based on a German folk song "Guter freund ich frage dich", which means "Good friend, I ask you".

Structure and text
"Echad Mi Yodea" is a cumulative song, meaning that each verse is built on top of the previous verses. There are thirteen verses.

The first verse runs:


 * Who knows one?
 * I know one.
 * One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

The second verse:


 * Who knows two?
 * I know two.
 * Two are the tablets of the covenant;
 * One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

''...and so forth. The last verse is:''


 * Who knows thirteen?
 * I know thirteen.
 * Thirteen are God's principles;
 * Twelve are the tribes of Israel;
 * Eleven are the stars of Joseph's dream;
 * Ten are the Commandments;
 * Nine are the months of childbirth;
 * Eight are the days before circumcision;
 * Seven are the days of the week;
 * Six are the sections of the Mishnah;
 * Five are the books of the Torah;
 * Four are the Matriarchs;
 * Three are the Patriarchs;
 * Two are the tablets of the covenant;
 * One is our God, in heaven and on earth.

Spanish version
Showing the last complete paragraph, as an example. First and Last verses would be sung in Hebrew.
 * Shloshá Asar, Mi Yodea?
 * Shloshá Asar, Ani Yodea!


 * Trece años del Bar Mitzvá
 * Doce Tribus de Israel
 * Once Estrellas de Iaakov
 * Diez Mandamientos Son
 * Nueve Meses de la preñada
 * Ocho Días del Milá
 * Siete Días de la Semana
 * Seis Libros de la Mishná
 * Cinco Libros de la Torá
 * Cuatro Madres de Israel
 * Tres Nuestros Padres Son
 * Dos Tablas de La Ley
 * Uno es el Creador


 * Eloheinu, Eloheinu,
 * Eloheinu, Eloheinu,
 * She-bashamaim uva'aretz

Judaeo-Ladino version

 * Ken supyese y entendyese alavar al Dio kreyense?


 * Kuale es el uno?
 * Uno es el Kriador, Baruch Hu Baruch shemo


 * Kuales son loz dos?
 * Dos Moshe y Aron


 * Kuales son los tres?
 * Trez padrez muestros son, [Avram, Itzhak, y Yaakov]


 * Kuales son los kuatro?
 * Kuatro madrez muestras son, [Sara, Rivka, Leah, Rahel]


 * Kuales son los sinko?
 * Sinko livroz de la Ley


 * Kuales son los seish?
 * Seish diaz de la semana


 * Kuales son los syete?
 * Syete dias con Shabbat


 * Kuales son loz ocho?
 * Ocho diaz de la mila


 * Kuales son loz nueve?
 * Nueve mezes de la prenyada


 * Kuales son los diesh?
 * Diez mandamientoz de la Ley


 * Kuales son loz onze?
 * Onze trivoz in Yisrael


 * Kuales son loz doze?
 * Dosay trivos kon Yosef

Judaeo-Arabic version
According to the custom of Aram Soba, Aleppo:


 * Transliteration
 * Min ya'elam wumin yidri
 * Allah rab el mijalli
 * Hinen il tleta'ash
 * tleta'ash Libs Tfilin
 * tna'ash shibte Yisrael
 * hda'ash kokab bisama
 * 'asher qilmat itorah
 * tisa'at ishhor il hible
 * tmint-iyyam il mila
 * sab'at-iyyam il hupa
 * site sdadir il Mishna
 * khamse msahaf itorah.
 * Arba'a imatna
 * wutlate abatna
 * wutnen Musa waAharon
 * wahid yalli ilkhalana,
 * Allah hu wahid


 * Translation
 * Who knows, and who understands?
 * God is the master of the revealed universe
 * God is the one and the only Creator.
 * God, God, there is no God but God.
 * (some say: Blessed be He and Blessed be His Name)
 * (some say: God is one)
 * Thirteen is tefillin
 * twelve tribes of Israel
 * eleven stars in the sky
 * ten commandments
 * nine months of pregnancy
 * eight days for circumcision
 * seven days for huppa
 * six orders of the Mishna
 * five books of the Torah
 * four mothers
 * three fathers
 * two are Moses and Aaron
 * God is the one and the only Creator.
 * God, God, there is no God but God.

Judaeo-Tajik or Bokharian version
Yakumin kie medonad? Yakumin man’ medonam! Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Duyumin kie medonad? Duyumin man’ medonam! Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Seyumin kie medonad? Seyumin man’ medonam! Seyumin: se’e padaron. Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Chorumin kie medonad? Chorumin man’ medonam! Chorumin: chor’ modaron. Seyumin: se’e padaron. Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Panjumin kie medonad? Panjumin man’ medonam! Panjumin: panj sifrey Toro. Chorumin: chor’ modaron. Seyumin: se’e padaron. Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Shashtumin kie medonad? Shashtumin man’ medonam! Shishtumin: shash sidrey mishno. Panjumin: panj sifrey Toro. Chorumin: chor’ modaron. Seyumin: se’e padaron. Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Haftumin kie medonad? Haftumin man’ medonam! Haftumin: haft rouzi hafta. Shishtumin: shash sidrey mishno. Panjumin: panj sifrey Toro. Chorumin: chor’ modaron. Seyumin: se’e padaron. Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Hashtumin kie medonad? Hashtumin man’ medonam! Hashtumin: hasht rouzi millo. Haftumin: haft rouzi hafta. Shishtumin: shash sidrey mishno. Panjumin: panj sifrey Toro. Chorumin: chor’ modaron. Seyumin: se’e padaron. Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Nohumin kie medonad? Nohumin man’ medonam! Nohumin: noh mohie zanon. Hashtumin: hasht rouzi millo. Haftumin: haft rouzi hafta. Shishtumin: shash sidrey mishno. Panjumin: panj sifrey Toro. Chorumin: chor’ modaron. Seyumin: se’e padaron. Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Dahumin kie medonad? Dahumin man’ medonam! Dahumin: dah sukhanon. Nohumin: noh mohie zanon. Hashtumin: hasht rouzi millo. Haftumin: haft rouzi hafta. Shishtumin: shash sidrey mishno. Panjumin: panj sifrey Toro. Chorumin: chor’ modaron. Seyumin: se’e padaron. Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Yozdahum kie medonad? Yozdahum man’ medonam! Yozdahum: yozdah sitoraho. Dahumin: dah sukhanon. Nohumin: noh mohie zanon. Hashtumin: hasht rouzi millo. Haftumin: haft rouzi hafta. Shishtumin: shash sidrey mishno. Panjumin: panj sifrey Toro. Chorumin: chor’ modaron. Seyumin: se’e padaron. Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Duvozdahum kie medonad? Duvozdahum man medonam! Duvozdahum: duvozdah shivtoho. Yozdahum: yozdah sitoraho. Dahumin: dah sukhanon. Nohumin: noh mohie zanon. Hashtumin: hasht rouzi millo. Haftumin: haft rouzi hafta. Shishtumin: shash sidrey mishno. Panjumin: panj sifrey Toro. Chorumin: chor’ modaron. Seyumin: se’e padaron. Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin. Sezdahum kie medonad? Sezdahum man’ medonam! Sezdahum: sezdah khislatho. Duvozdahum: duvozdah shivtoho. Yozdahum: yozdah sitoraho. Dahumin: dah sukhanon. Nohumin: noh mohie zanon. Hashtumin: hasht rouzi millo. Haftumin: haft rouzi hafta. Shishtumin: shash sidrey mishno. Panjumin: panj sifrey Toro. Chorumin: chor’ modaron. Seyumin: se’e padaron. Duyumin: du’u lavhie gavhar. Yakumin: Khudoyi rabul olamin.

Lishan Didan version
mani kyel ḥa? ana kyen/kyan ḥa. əlha bšəmme w'ara.

tre loḥe

taha dade

arba dae

...

Popular culture
The song appears in The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (film) 1970 movie, sung amidst the rise of Mussolini's racial laws and alignment with Nazi Germany.

The Judaism section of the Stack Exchange Network of question-and-answer websites is named Mi Yodeya after this song.

Entebbe (titled 7 Days in Entebbe in the U.S.), a 2018 crime thriller film directed by José Padilha and written by Gregory Burke, features a dance on the tunes of the Echad Mi Yodea song, choreographed by Ohad Naharin of the Batsheva dance company.

During an episode of the interactive cartoon "Charlie Gets Fired", the user has the chance for Charlie to sing the whole song. This much chagrin to his boss.