Efim Minin

Efim Semyonovich Minin (, Ефим Семёнович Минин); 20 October [ O.S. 8 October] 1896 – 29 December 1937) was a Byelorussian artist and graphic artist of Jewish origin. He was executed in Vitebsk during the Stalinist repressions.

Biography
Efim Minin was born on 20 October 1896, in Surazh, Vitebsk province, Russian Empire.

His grandfather - Timofei Ivanovich Minin was the head of the Old Believers community, had 10 children and lived for 103 years. Father - Semyon Timofeyevich (1860-1940), a Surazh burgher. Mother - Anna Mikhailovna Kazakova (1866-1909) was the daughter of a nachetnik of the Old Believer community.

In 1913-1915 he studied at the V. Grekov Commercial School in Vitebsk. Served in the army.

After demobilisation in 1918 he entered the Vitebsk Art studio of Yehuda (Yuri) Pen, he was also a pupil of Solomon Judowin.

In 1920-1921 he taught at the Vitebsk Art and Practice Institute. Due to disagreement with the actions of the new management of the institute, together with Pen (vice-rector for academic work), Judowin and a group of students, on 23 September 1923 he made a collective resignation letter and left the institute.

Later, until the end of the 1920s, he taught at the Vitebsk Jewish Pedagogical Technical School.

During the period of mass repressions in January 1933, Vitaly Volsky, a member of the All-Union Cheka-GPU (he was briefly director of the Belarusian Art College when E. Minin returned to teach there), published an article-sentence in the national magazine Mastatsstva i revalutsiya entitled About the retsydyvahs of national-democratism in the works of artist Mininin.

A quote about book exlibris gives an idea of the style of the article-denunciation:

"The bookplate made for Shlyubsky is characterized by its bare ethnography. In its center is a mound. An old peasant is sitting on the left side of the mound playing the dulcimer. An old man also sits on the mound and plays the bagpipe. Next to him, another old man in a straw hat is standing and playing the trumpet. The National Assembly of Shlyubsky was pleased to find in these bookplates of Minin's works vivid impressions of the Belarusian national revival."

Immediately the article was reprinted in other publications, including the newspaper Vitsiebskі Praletary.

Efim Minin was arrested in November 1937 in Vitebsk.

By the decision of the Commission of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) and the USSR Prosecutor's Office of 19.11.1937 he was sentenced to execution as a member of the Polish Military Organisation (POW, Polska Organizacja Wojskowa, although it existed only during the First World War in the 1930s, this was a typical charge).

The sentence was executed on 29 December of the same year in the basement of the UNKVD building in Vitebsk.

Rehabilitated posthumously in 1958.

Selected paintings
Efim Minin was a graphic artist, portraitist, exlibrist. From 1920 worked mainly in woodcut technique. The leading theme of his work was urban landscapes of Vitebsk.

Museums
Minin's works can be found in museums
 * Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow;
 * Vitebsk regional museum;
 * National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk.