Elihu Abrahams

Elihu Abrahams (April 3, 1927 – October 18, 2018) was a theoretical physicist, specializing in condensed matter physics.

Abrahams attended Brooklyn Technical High School, graduating in 1944. In 1947 Abrahams received his bachelor's degree and in 1952 his PhD, with Charles Kittel as thesis advisor, from the University of California, Berkeley with thesis Spin-lattice relaxation in ferromagnetics. In 1952–1953 he was a research associate in physics at UC Berkeley. He was in 1953–1955 a research associate and in 1955–1956 an assistant professor at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. In 1956 he became an assistant professor, then an associate professor, and in 1964 a full professor at Rutgers University.

From 1979 to 1983, he was the president of the Aspen Center for Physics.

In 1979 Abrahams, Philip W. Anderson, Donald Licciardello and T.V. Ramakrishnan published the highly influential paper "Scaling Theory of Localization: Absence of Quantum Diffusion in Two Dimensions" in Physical Review Letters 42. Often referred to as the "gang of four paper" in physics circles, the authors proposed new, precise predictions about the behavior of electrons in disordered materials. In 2003 the American Physical Society named it among the top-ten most often cited papers published in the Physical Review.

"Abrahams’ research is in theoretical condensed matter physics. His main interests concern the quantum-mechanical many-body problem in the presence of very strong particle-particle interactions. In this area, he has been using the techniques of quantum statistical mechanics and field theory to investigate the phase transitions and the transport and thermodynamic properties of a number of systems, including high-temperature cuprate superconductors, metals at the threshold of breakdown of Fermi-liquid behavior, iron pnictide superconductors, heavy-fermion metals, localized spins in metals, magnets with unusual spin correlations, and the disordered interacting electron fluid in two dimensions."

In 1964 Abrahams was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He was a Guggenheim Fellow for the academic year 1986–1987. He was also elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1987, and to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999. In 2018, he received the 2019 Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Physics Prize for "pioneering research in the physics of disordered materials and hopping conductivity" together with Alexei L. Efros and Boris I. Shklovskii.

Selected publications

 * with C. Kittel: Dipolar broadening of magnetic resonance lines in magnetically diluted crystals. Physical Review, 1953
 * with A. Miller: Impurity conduction at low concentrations. Physical Review, 1960
 * with T. Tsuneto: Time variation of the Ginzburg-Landau order parameter. Physical Review, 1966
 * with P.W. Anderson, D.C. Licciardello, T.V. Ramakrishnan: Scaling theory of localization: Absence of quantum diffusion in two dimensions. Physical Review Letters, 1979
 * with P.W. Anderson, P.A. Lee, T.V. Ramakrishnan: Quasiparticle lifetime in disordered two-dimensional metals. Physical Review B, 1981
 * with R.G. Palmer, D.L. Stein, P.W. Anderson: Models of hierarchically constrained dynamics for glassy relaxation. Physical Review Letters, 1984
 * with C.M. Varma, S. Schmitt-Rink: Charge transfer excitations and superconductivity in “ionic” metals. Solid state communications, 1987
 * with S.V. Kravchenko, M.P. Sarachik: Metallic behavior and related phenomena in two dimensions. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2001
 * with S.Y. Savrasov, G. Kotliar: Correlated electrons in δ-plutonium within a dynamical mean-field picture. Nature, 2001
 * with Q. Si: Strong correlations and magnetic frustration in the high Tc iron pnictides. Physical Review Letters, 2008