Emil Stang (jurist)

Emil Stang, Jr. (22 September 1882 – 21 December 1964) was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Norwegian Labour Party and for the Communist Party of Norway. He was later the 13th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway.

Stang finished his secondary education in 1900, and graduated as cand.jur. in 1905. He practised as a barrister in Kristiania from 1911. He joined the Norwegian Labour Party in 1911, and was elected vice chairman from 1918. He was a delegate to the Founding Congress of Comintern in Moscow in 1919. After the death of Kyrre Grepp he was acting leader of the Norwegian Labour Party, from 1922 to 1923. He participated in the formation of the Communist Party of Norway in 1923, where he became a member of the Central Committee. He left the Communist Party in 1928. He was a member of the Kristiania City Council from 1917 to 1928. He was a substitute to the Parliament of Norway from 1922 to 1924. He was also a member of a number of committees on law reforms. From 1928 Stang concentrated on his juridical career. He was appointed Supreme Court judge from 1937. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was arrested and held at the prison Møllergata 19 in Oslo and at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Germany. He was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway from 1946 to 1952.

During the legal purge in Norway after World War II, Stand was one of the minority of judges to vote to execute his cousin, Axel Heiberg Stang, for treason, after he was convicted of collaborationism.

Personal life
Stang was born in Kristiania as the son of Prime Minister and chairman of the Conservative Party, Emil Stang, and his wife Adelaide Pauline Berg. He was married to Fredrikke Elise Nicoline Bøckman Otto from 1907 to 1920, and to Sigrid Friis from 1925. He was a grandson of Prime Minister Frederik Stang, brother of politician Fredrik Stang and uncle of Christian Schweigaard Stang. Further out in the family, he was a third cousin of Ole A. Stang, Jørgen Breder Stang and Olaf Stang. <!--

Career
Emil Stang was a central figure in the labor movement in the radical left wing and split the years around World War I, but he left politics for 1928 and then concentrated on his work as a lawyer and judge.

Stang was born into the most prominent conservative politician dynasty of his time and followed basically the drawn track for a man with his background. He took his final exams in 1900, was conscript officer in 1901 and in law. 1905. From 1906 he was clerk to his cousin, Supreme Court lawyer Fredrik Stang Lund, and 1911 he was licensed as a Supreme Court lawyer and started his own law practice in Christiania.

In the study period had come with rod in the circle of radical students around Kyrre Grepp. He joined the Social Democratic student organization and followed it up in the Labor 1911. He attended the party's national convention in 1915 and was elected to the council Kristiania 1916, where he was a member until 1928. 1922–24 he was deputy to the Parliament and met a number of times. He was involved particularly in social policy and social issues and was also involved in a number of committees to study law reform in this area, including people in the Government Pension Committee 1919–20.

When the revolutionary "new direction" under Martin Tranmæl and Kyrre Grepp leadership seized the leadership of the Labor 1918, Emil Stang elected vice chairman in the party. By Grepp death in February 1922, he was the acting chairman until February 1923 congress, when Oscar Torp took over - a history professor Edvard Bull de as the new vice chairman. Leadership shift occurred after an internal party strife in the wake of Kyrre Grepp death, and in this struggle was Stang active in two ways: At first he tried to shift the sun and wind between the parties, chastise both sides and thereby strengthen his own candidacy ahead of the upcoming election the new party chairman. In turn, he joined However Scheflo-wing against Tranmæl wing. At the party split in November 1923 followed the rail, making the minority out of the Labour Party, was co-founded Communist Party (NKP) and was elected to the Central Board for the new party.

The basis for Stang's line of choice here was probably first and foremost, his enthusiasm for the Russian Revolution and his hopes for the new Russian state, to Soviet rule. Party conflict was in the final phase is defined as a struggle for the Labour Party's relationship with the communist, 3rd International, the Comintern. Scheflo-wing positioning itself as the most Comintern faith, and this was apparently crucial for Stang's line selection. Stang had herself been present in Moscow at the founding of the Comintern in 1919, and his preoccupation with developments in Russia was reflected in several political works - Soviet Russia, transition to socialism and the Soviet Constitution. A possible supplementary part of the explanation for Stang's line selection process during the split in the Labor Party is that he, despite his years in the party leadership did not develop any significant degree of familiarity with the smooth organization of the work or the party's mainstream.

Emil Stang remained in CPN also when many of his comrades joined the collection of the Norwegian Labour Party and Social Democratic Labour Party 1927. In connection with the struggle of the Communist Party of Hornsrud government formation, however, he had enough and resigned from the Communist Party in 1928.

In his legal practice, provided the rod reputation as a brilliant barrister. There was such through the defense of the Evening Post's editor in a famous libel suit (Aarrestad case) and in defense of Kyrre Grepp (1921) in connection with an indictment for illegal distribution of socialist literature from the Russian Bolshevik regime to the socialists in Europe. It was not the least Emil Stang's profits that the Supreme Court eventually acquitted Grepp on the grounds that the Conservative government's decree that led to the indictment, was illegal. Stang's reputation was solidified when he was in the 1930s, defended and got acquitted Arnulf Øverland for blasphemy charges after his lecture "Christianity - the tenth plague." Also as a public defender Rod achieved universal recognition.

While he worked as a lawyer, wrote Rod a number of legal and political articles and papers, including Folkeretslig politics, working class municipal policy or procedure in criminal cases (which appeared in several editions) and the Norwegian building law.

1936, Stang extraordinary judge of the Supreme Court, and 1937 he was appointed High Court judge - paradoxically, perhaps because of that as the Member of Parliament in 1920 had been on a campaign from the Liberal and Labor in order to reduce the Supreme Court's influence by repealing trial court, from a pure class political justification. From 1940 he was a member of the Labour Court and served as its chairman from 1946 to 1955.

Stang was for various reasons little involved in the dramatic events of the Supreme Court 1940. He was not among the acting judges, and therefore not present in Oslo in April 1940, when the Supreme Court appointed the Administrative Council. He was in place when the State Council negotiations began in June and joined the majority opinions and recommendations when it came to the German demands. But when the Supreme Court in the fall came in conflict with the Ministry of Justice and Acting Minister Riisnæs, he was again absent. On 30 November he was arrested by the German security police during the investigation of "internal political enemy of the state estimate and intelligence matters" from the communist and former communist side. The arrest provoked unrest among his colleagues in the court and contributed to the Supreme Court judges, 12 December Downloaded's office for the remainder of the occupation period. Rod himself was deposed by Riisnæs in January 1941 and was imprisoned until the beginning of May. Then he was jailed again in January 1944, set four months Møllergaten 19 and then a year in Sachsenhausen and Neuengamme. He survived so far.-->