Estonian Nationalists and Conservatives

Estonian Nationalists and Conservatives (Eesti Rahvuslased ja Konservatiivid, abbr. ERK) is a new right-wing political party created in 2024 in Estonia. The founders of the party have described themselves as nationalist and conservative. Other topics the novel party intends to focus on include national defense, the economy, the population crisis, local nature and direct democracy. The party was formed after the expulsion of several key figures in EKRE which was followed by the exodus of hundreds more.

On 3 July 2024, Jaak Madison announced that he will be leaving Identity and Democracy to join the European Conservatives and Reformists in the European Parliament. Jaak Madison has not joined ERK but has unequivocally endorsed it on several occasions, excusing his non-membership with feeling forced to contribute to the party if he was a member whilst being simultaneously burdened with the duties of an MEP. MP Ants Frosch sits with the European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

History
After the loss in the 2023 Estonian parliamentary election, there had been a debate within EKRE whether to pacify the rhetoric of the party to come off as more moderate and suitable as a potential coalition partner whenever the chance should arise for EKRE to enter a government coalition. Party leader Martin Helme, his father and former party leader Mart Helme alongside reported allies such as MPs Helle-Moonika Helme, Kert Kingo, Rain Epler, and Anti Poolamets opposed the idea, while MPs Jaak Valge, Henn Põlluaas, and MEP Jaak Madison tacitly supported it. So did upcoming leadership election candidate Silver Kuusik, who also seeked to improve the internal democracy of the party.

On 9 June 2024, the day of the 2024 European Parliament election in Estonia and one week before the leadership election in EKRE, Martin Helme accused Valge and Põlluaas of a coup attempt within the party during his weekly radio show, who later dismissed the claim and said that "it is perfectly natural if there is more than one candidate" in the leadership election.

During EKRE's election night on the same day, Põlluaas and Madison both confirmed ex-EKRE member Peeter Ernits' claim that "the party's board heard Mart Helme's speech in which he announced that Russia is waging a holy war in Ukraine and that he supports it. The members of the party's board who heard the story were of such visibly upset by the story and tried to call the vice-chairman to order". This confirmation was cited amongst the reasons for the expulsion of Põlluaas, Valge and Kuusik from EKRE for "damaging the reputation of the party" two days later. Madison left shortly thereafter, followed by MPs Alar Laneman, Leo Kunnas and Ants Frosch.

On 16 June 2024, the expelled EKRE members Helle Kullerkupp, Silver Kuusik, MPs Henn Põlluaas, Jaak Valge, as well as MEP Jaak Madison, former MP Ruuben Kaalep and several others announced their intention to form the new party ERK.

Ideology
The party describes itself as "national conservative". Majority of the current leadership of Blue Awakening (previously the youth wing of EKRE) decided in July 2024 to join ERK has been described as ethnofuturist. The founder of Blue Awakening and a major proponent of ethnofuturism, Ruuben Kaalep, was among the founders of ERK and is currently a member of the party's leadership.

Cultural policy
The ideological manifesto of the Estonian Nationalists and Conservatives states that "Estonia, the only country of Estonians, must remain a nation-state", adding that "mass immigration is an existential threat to the Estonian nation-state" and that ERK wants "Estonia to continue as a part of European civilization with ancient, Christian and humanist roots". The party is opposed to multiculturalism.

Economic policy
ERK's manifesto states that "both the domestic and global economy must serve the interests of people, instead of people serving the economy" but adds that government should refrain from interfering in "areas that function by themselves according to the rules of the market economy". ERK supports nuclear power. The manifesto also states that the party considers it reasonable " to enable a favorable legal environment for the development of blockchain-based technologies, including cryptocurrencies, insofar as autonomous currency systems based on these technologies can increase the well-being of people in Estonia".

Regarding taxation, the party states that "the excess profits of foreign capital must be taxed, including the imposition of a flat national protection tax on international banks in return for the stable economic and political environment provided to them" and that "the income tax rate must be linked to the number of children". ERK pushes to simplify the tax system "so that it is understandable to the common man even without a tax calculator".

Environmental policy
The party's manifesto states that the party's views on nature conservation are "not driven by sloganeering and fake greenism" and that ERK's goals are "the protection of natural diversity and heritage landscapes". ERK views forests as "a resource for the entire nation-state", considering it important "to further protect natural sanctuaries and complete their mapping".

Social policy
The party claims that marriage "is a union of a man and a woman" and calls for a referendum on "the concept of marriage". ERK wants to use "counseling and other national measures" to "ensure a definite reduction in domestic violence and abortion". The party claims that freedom of religion, opinion, thought, speech and press "are rights that arise from human nature itself and should not be restricted".

Institutional reform
ERK opposes online voting. The party supports amending the Constitution to give citizens the right to initiate referendums. ERK also wants to change the election of the President of Estonia from an indirect vote in the Riigikogu to a direct election.

Foreign policy
ERK believes that "Estonia's membership in the European Union is justified as long as the resulting benefit to the Estonian state and people outweighs the harm" and supports Estonian membership of NATO as "Estonia's membership in NATO has become inevitable in the security situation". The party's foreign policy outlook aligns with isolationist views and pushes for closer cooperation with Central and Eastern European countries.

Regarding Russia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, ERK states that "Russian chauvinism is an existential threat for Estonia" which the party "cannot justify, let alone justify, admire or support in any context". The manifesto states that "we firmly support Ukraine's struggle for freedom. Ukrainians must be able to decide for themselves the fate of their country, and we respect Ukraine's decisions. As humanists, we are in favor of concluding peace as soon as possible, but the terms of peace must guarantee the independence, security and territorial integrity of Ukraine and other European countries". The party cautiously supports allowing Ukrainian refugees to seek refuge in Estonia.

<!--== The Blue Awakening youth movement == The party's affiliated nationalist youth movement, Blue Awakening, with links to the pan-European Identitarian movement and the alt-right in North America, states "a new national awakening of the Estonians" as its principal aim. This would come as a continuation to the 19th century Estonian national awakening and the Singing Revolution, leading the way to the establishment of "an eternal Estonian ethno-state".

Blue Awakening was founded on 30 November 2012 by Ruuben Kaalep and other youth from the Estonian Patriotic Movement. The young activists have been behind many of the party's protest marches. In addition to politics, the youth of Blue Awakening focus on art, music and right-wing philosophy such as the Traditionalist School of Julius Evola and René Guénon. The movement is disciplined and its activists have formed several squads. In 2019, it was reported that Kaalep had organised firearms training with pistols and assault rifles to youths from the Blue Awakening. Their activities have included rituals shaped after shamanism, and celebrations of sunrise on ancient tumuli.

Blue Awakening was the main organiser of the annual torchlight procession through Tallinn on 24 February to commemorate the 1918 Independence Day of Estonia. The first such Independence Day demonstration was held in 2014. According to Blue Awakening, "the event is meant to honor those who have fallen for the nation of Estonia and to signify that Estonian youth have not abandoned the patriotic principles." The event has been condemned by the Simon Wiesenthal Center who described it as "Nuremberg-esque" and likened the ideology of the participants to that of the Estonian collaborators with the Nazi German regime during World War II. -->

On 6 July 2024 the leadership of Blue Awakening decided that the youth organization would leave EKRE and join the Estonian Nationalists and Conservatives.