Examples of in vitro transdifferentiation by lineage-instructive approach

A list   of examples of transdifferentiation:


 * Mouse fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and pigmented retinal epithelial cells → myoblasts (MyoD)
 * Fibroblasts → melanocytes (MITF)
 * Glial cells → neurons (Pax6)
 * Erythorid-megakaryocytic cells → monocytic cells (SPI1/PU.1)
 * B-cell progenitors → functional macrophages (C/EBPα)
 * Rat hepatic cell line → insulin-producing cells (Pdx1 and Ngn3)
 * Fibroblasts → macrophage-like cells (PU.1 and C/EBPα or C/EBPβ)
 * Postnatal cardiac and dermal fibroblasts → cardiomyocytes (Gata4, myocyte enhancer factor 2C, and Tbx5)
 * Fibroblasts → heptaocyte-like cells (Gata4, Hnf1alpha, and Foxa3) or (Hnf4alpha and Foxa1, Foxa2 or Foxa3)
 * Fibroblasts → neurons (Ascl1, Pou3f2/Brn2, and Myt1l)
 * Human fibroblasts → neurons (Ascl1, Brn2, Mytl1, and NeuroD) or (miR-9/9-124, Neurod2, Ascl1, and Myt1l)
 * Human fibroblasts → functional neurons (miR-124, Myt1l and Brn2)
 * Fibroblasts → dopaminergic neurons (Ascl1, Brn2, Myt1l, Lmx1a, and FoxA2) or (Ascl1, Nurr1, and Lmx1a)
 * Astrocytes → dopaminergic neurons (Ascl1, Lmx1b, Nurr1)