Facies (medical)

In medical contexts, a facies is a distinctive facial expression or appearance associated with a specific medical condition. The term comes from Latin for "face". As a fifth declension noun, facies can be both singular and plural.

Types
Examples include:
 * Hippocratic facies – eyes are sunken, temples collapsed, nose is pinched with crusts on the lips, and the forehead is clammy
 * Moon face (also known as "Cushingoid facies") – Cushing's syndrome
 * Elfin facies – Williams syndrome, Donohue syndrome
 * Potter facies – oligohydramnios
 * Mask like facies – parkinsonism
 * Leonine facies – lepromatous leprosy or craniometaphyseal dysplasia
 * Mitral facies – mitral stenosis
 * Amiodarone facies (deep blue discoloration around malar area and nose)
 * Acromegalic facies – acromegaly
 * Flat facies – Down syndrome
 * Marfanoid facies – Marfan's syndrome
 * Snarling facies – myasthenia gravis
 * Myotonic facies – myotonic dystrophy
 * Torpid facies – myxoedema
 * Mouse facies – chronic kidney failure
 * Plethoric facies – Cushing's syndrome and polycythemia vera
 * Bird facies – Pierre Robin sequence
 * Ashen grey facies – myocardial infarction
 * Gargoyle facies – Hurler's syndrome
 * Monkey facies – marasmus
 * Hatchet facies – myotonia atrophica
 * Gorilla-like face – acromegaly
 * Bovine facies (or cow face) – craniofacial dysostosis or Crouzon syndrome
 * Marshall halls facies – hydrocephalus
 * Frog face – intranasal disease
 * Coarse facies – many inborn errors of metabolism
 * Adenoid facies – developmental facial traits caused by adenoid hypertrophy, nasal airway obstruction and mouthbreathing; really a form of long face syndrome.
 * Lion-like facies – involvement of craniofacial bones in Paget disease of Bone
 * Chipmunk facies – beta thalassemia
 * Treacher Collins syndrome – deformities of the ears, eyes, cheekbones, and chin

Other disorders associated with syndromic facies

 * Pitt–Hopkins syndrome
 * Beta thalassemia is associated with distinctive facial features due to ineffective erythropoiesis. The ineffective erythropoiesis causes marrow hyperplasia or expansion and bony changes, including the bones of the face; this causes craniofacial protrusions.
 * Mowat–Wilson syndrome
 * Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome