Fatikchhari Upazila

Fatikchari(ফটিকছড়ি) is an upazila of Chittagong District in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. It is the largest Upazila of Chittagong.

History
The Fatikchhari Jami al-Uloom Fazil Madrasa and the Jamia Arabia Nasirul Islam Madrasa were founded in 1904 and 1912 respectively, transforming Fatikchhari into an important site of spiritual activities in the country. During the British colonial period, a thana was formed in Fatikchhari in 1918. In 1928, the Nanupur Sunnia Madrasa was established.

During the Bangladesh Liberation War, a training camp was founded in Fatikchhari by Mustafizur Rahman Siddiqi, Ziaur Rahman and Zonal Commander Mirza Abu Mansur in March 1971. Bengali freedom fighters around Chittagong that used to go to India for training purposes would return through there and Fatikchhari alone was home to roughly 1500 Bengali freedom fighters. Thus Fatikchhari was regarded as the gateway to freedom fighters. Subsequently, the Abu Subhan School playground in Nanupur became a refugee camp. Mass graves were dug in Dantmara, Began Bazar, Darbar Sharif and Lelang Tea Garden.

Geography
It is one of the largest upazilas of Bangladesh. It is a fertile valley between the Sitakunda Hills and the Hills of the Chittagong Hill Tracts. These two hill ranges become one at the northernmost point of the upazila and they widen apart as they proceed southwards. There is no particular geographical place in the upazila called Fatikchhari, rather the entire upazila takes its name from one small all-season rivulet known as Fatikchhari Khal that originates in the Sitakundu Hills on the West and enters the Upazila at Bhujpur Union before joining the River Halda, the longest river in Fatikchhari Upazila that runs through the upazila along almost its entire length. Dhurung is its second longest river. There are some small rivers (khals) originating from the hills both on the eastern and western flanks, all being tributaries of the Halda flowing southwards to the sea. Among them are Gazaria, Fatikchhari, Baramasia, Mandakini, Balukhali etc. In between the two hill ranges, Fatikchhari consists of flat farmland annually affected by flash floods caused by heavy rainfall in the hilly catchment areas and the water being drained by several small rivers and the Halda.

It is surrounded by Tripura (India) to the north, Hathazari and Kawkhali Upazila (Rangamati District) to the south, Ramgarh, Manikchhari, Lakshmichhari, and Raozan Upazilas on the east, Mirsharai and Sitakunda Upazilas on the west.

Demographics
As of the 2011 Bangladesh census, Fatikchhari upazila had 100,009 households and a population of 526,003. 126,792 (24.10%) were under 10 years of age. Fatikchhari had an average literacy rate of 51.35%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1025 females per 1000 males. 41,994 (7.98%) of the population lived in urban areas. Ethnic population was 11,919 (2.27%), of which Tripura were 6,857 and Chakma 1,038.

According to the 1991 Bangladesh census, Fatikchhari had a population of 388,013, in 65,861 households. Males constituted 50.1% of the population, and females 49.9%. The population aged 18 or over was 182,250. Fatikchhari had an average literacy rate of 32% (7+ years), against the national average of 32.4% literate.

Around 88% of the population are Bengali Muslims with around 10% adhering to Hinduism and around 9000 adherents to Buddhism. There are around 3000 followers of ethnic religions. There are populations of Tripuris, Chakmas and Mog but it is decreasing as more and more are migrating to the nearby semi-autonomous region of the Chittagong Hill Tracts. There are also the Manipuris and Oriyas who were brought over by the British during the nineteenth century to work as tea garden labourers.

Facilities
The Fatikchhari Upazila also has 7 orphanages which take care of orphan children and educate them. These include:
 * 1) Muniria Islamia Orphanage & Madrasa
 * 2) Talimuddin Orphanage & Madrasa
 * 3) Munafkhil Uloom Hafizia Orphanage & Madrasa
 * 4) Chaumuhani Bazar Orphanage & Madrasa
 * 5) Manirul Uloom Hafezia Orphanage & Madrasa
 * 6) Mawlana Burhan ad-Din Shah Orphanage
 * 7) Imam Ghazzali Orphanage and Madrasa

Economy
18 of Bangladesh's 163 tea gardens are in Fatikchhari Upazila. These are given below:-


 * Aasia Tea Garden
 * Andharmanik Tea Garden
 * Baramasia Tea Garden
 * Dantmara Tea Garden
 * Elahi-Noor Tea Garden
 * Haldavalley Tea Garden
 * Laiyacherra Tea Garden
 * Karnafuli Tea Garden
 * Maa Jaan Tea Garden
 * Mohammad Nagar Tea Garden
 * Naseha Tea Garden
 * Neptune Tea Garden
 * New Dantmara Tea Garden
 * Oodaleah Tea Garden
 * Panchabati Tea Garden
 * Ramgarh Tea Garden
 * Rangapani Tea Garden
 * MMH Tea Garden

Fatikchhari is also home to many rubber gardens. The Dantmara Rubber Garden (4500 acre) is the largest rubber garden in Asia. The other rubber gardens are Tarakon Rubber Garden, Rangamatia Rubber Garden and Kanchannagar Rubber Garden. It also home to the Bhujpur Rubber Dam.

Administration
Bibir Hat is the administrative centre of the Fatikchhari Upazila, not Fatikchhari. The old Fatikchhari Thana is divided into two Thanas (Police Stations) with Bhujpur created as a new thana in 2008 with its seat near Kazir Hat.

Fatikchhari Upazila is divided into Fatikchhari Municipality, Nazirhat Municipality, and 18 union parishads: Abdullapur, Bagan Bazar, Bhujpur, Bokhtapur, Dantmara, Dharmapur, Harualchari, Jafathagar, Kanchannagor, Khiram, Lelang, Nanupur, Narayanhat, Paindong, Roshangiri, Samitirhat, Suabil, and Sunderpur. The union parishads are subdivided into 102 mauzas and 206 villages.

Education
According to Banglapedia, Fatickchari Coronation Model High School, founded in 1912; Maizbhander Ahmadia High School; Haidchakia High School, founded in 1926; Nanpur Abu Sobahan High School, founded in 1942; and Dhurung Khulshi Lion's High School, founded in 1943, are notable secondary school and Zamidar Abdul Bari Chowdhury (Abc) School There are five colleges in the upazila. They include Fatikchhari Degree College, founded in 1970. Another Primary School Found 1926 Anwar Ali Primary School And Now It Government Primary School Registered. Its Haji Anwar Ali Sowdagor Bari Familiar Haji Anwar Ali Sowdagor Family Inferior. Other schools include Dantmara A.B.Z Sikder High School and Fatikchhari Girls Pilot High School.

The madrasa education system includes two fazil madrasas and one kamil madrasa. Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur and Al-Jamiatul Islamiah Azizul Uloom Babunagar are prominent Deobandi institutions in Fatikchhari.

Notable people

 * Abdur Rahman (1920-2015), founding director of Islamic Research Center Bangladesh
 * Gulamur Rahman (1865-1937), 2nd leader of the Maizbhandari Sufi order
 * Harun Babunagari (1902-1986), founder of Al-Jamiatul Islamiah Azizul Uloom Babunagar
 * Jamal Uddin Ahmad (1929-2016), accountant and former Deputy Prime Minister of Bangladesh
 * Junaid Babunagari (1953-2021), Deobandi Islamic scholar and former Amir of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh
 * Muhammad Enamul Haq (1902-1982), Bangladeshi litterateur, researcher and educationist
 * Muhibbullah Babunagari (b. 1935), chancellor of Al-Jamiatul Islamiah Azizul Uloom Babunagar
 * Nurul Alam Chowdhury (1945-2019), diplomat and politician
 * Nurul Islam Jihadi (b. 1948), Deobandi Islamic scholar and Amir of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh
 * Shah Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri (1914–1997), founding principal of Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur
 * Sufi Azizur Rahman (1862-1922), founder of Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam
 * Subrata Barua (b. 1946), Bengali writer
 * Syed Ahmad Ullah (1826-1906), founder of the Maizbhandari Sufi order
 * Syed Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari (b. 1959), founder of the Bangladesh Tarikat Federation