Fatima (d. 1246)

Fatima (, d. 1246) was an influential figure in the Mongol Empire as a favourite of Töregene Khatun, regent of the empire from 1241 to 1246.

Biography
Fatima originated from the city of Tus, in modern-day Iran, close to the city of Meshed, and was Shia and either Tajik or Persian. During the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire she was enslaved and brought to the Mongol capital Kharakorum.

At an unknown date she was either given as a slave or otherwise came in contact with Töregene Khatun, who was the daughter-in-law of Genghis Khan through her marriage to Ögedei Khan.

According to the Persian historian and Mongol official Ata-Malik Juvayni, who was a contemporary of hers, Fatima was "a procuress at the market" who eventually became a member of Töregene's ordu.

In 1241, after the death of Ögedei Khan, power passed to the hands of one of his widows, Möge Khatun (who had previously also been one of Genghis Khan's wives). However, in the spring of 1242, Töregene Khatun, assumed complete power as regent with the support of her sons and Chagatai. She took on the title of Great Khatun and replaced Ögödei's ministers with her own. One of the replacements was Fatima, who became her most influential cabinet member. For example, through Fatima's influence Abd-ur-Rahman, a Muslim tax farmer, was put in charge of general administration in North China. Although having a woman in a ministerial post was unusual for the 13th century, Fatima attained a very powerful position at the Mongol court.

In 1246, Töregene's son Güyük Khan came to power, and Töregene resigned from the regency. Despite Töregene's role in ensuring Güyük's election as Khagan, the two had a poor relationship. Güyük's brother Koden accused Fatima of using witchcraft to damage his health. When Koden died a few months later, Güyük insisted that his mother hand Fatima over for execution. Töregene refused and threatened that she would commit suicide to spite Güyük.

Güyük had Fatima seized, tortured, and executed by drowning. Töregene's supporters in the imperial household were simultaneously purged. Within 18 months of Fatima's death, Töregene herself died under still unexplained circumstances.

In popular culture
Fatima appears a minor character in the film Marco Polo (1962) and in the Chinese television series The Legend of Kublai Khan (2013).

Fatima is the protagonist of the manga Tenmaku no Jadougal (A Witch's Life in Mongol) by Tomato Soup.