File:Interdependency of volcanic ashfall impacts.jpg

Summary
The interdependency of ashfall impacts from the Eyjafjallajokull eruption in Iceland April-May 2010. The darkest arrows originating from the central “ashfall” box depict the direct effects of the eruption, light grey arrows show the secondary impacts, and dashed lines show the tertiary knock-on impacts from the eruption. Many feedback loops, particularly to business interruption costs, can be seen.