First All-Union Congress of Soviets

The First All-Union Congress of Soviets (I Всесоюзный съезд Советов) was a congress of representatives of Soviets of workers, peasants and Red Army deputies, held on December 30, 1922 in Moscow. The congress was attended by 2215 delegates (1727 from the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, 364 from the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, 91 from the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, 33 from the Belarusian Socialist Soviet Republic). Kalinin was elected chairman of the congress, but Vladimir Lenin, who was not present at the congress due to illness, was elected honorary chairman of the congress. More than 90% of the delegates were members of the Russian Communist Party, 2 left-wing social federalists of the Caucasus, 1 anarchist and 1 member of the Jewish Social Democratic Party.

The congress approved the Declaration and the Treaty on the Formation of a New State – the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 4 states have united in the Soviet Union: Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, Belarusian Socialist Soviet Republic, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. In addition, the congress elected the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union.

Order of the day

 * 1) Consideration of the Declaration on the Formation of the Soviet Union. Speaker – Joseph Stalin.
 * 2) Consideration of the Treaty on the Formation of the Soviet Union. Speaker – Joseph Stalin.
 * 3) Election of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union. Speaker – Avel Yenukidze.

Elected at the congress

 * First All-Union Central Executive Committee (unicameral, totaling 371 members)

Accepted documents

 * Greetings to Comrade Vladimir Lenin, Honorary Chairman of the First Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union
 * Declaration on the Formation of the Soviet Union
 * Treaty on the Formation of the Soviet Union
 * Decisions:
 * On Approval of the Declaration and Treaty on the Formation of the Soviet Union
 * About the Foundation of the House of the Soviet Union
 * On the Establishment of the Central People's Institute of Agriculture
 * On the Celebration of the Foundation Day of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Main outcome of the congress
The Congress made official the formal foundation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It was this congress that formalized its foundation by the passage of the Union Treaty, which would serve as a provisional constitution until the passage of a proper constitution for the new federal republic by the Congress.