Flag of Mari El

The flag of Mari El, a federal subject and republic in the Russian Federation, was adopted by the Parliament of Mari El on 1 June 2011.

Description
The symbol of the flag is a bear. The crown and the sword on the flag symbolizes nationhood and power, respectively. The base of the emblem is a shield which contains a sign which was there on the previous flag.

Previous flags
Within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the flag adorned the Russian SFSR flag with the republic's name on the bottom.

During the dissolution of the Soviet Union the newly founded Mari El Republic adopted a blue-white-red horizontal tricolor with a Mari cultural symbol offset to the hoist with "Mari El" written in Mari underneath. In 2006 the flag was modified to enlarge and centralize the Mari cultural symbol as well as removing the text and changing the ratio and shade of the stripes. This flag would be replaced in 2011 with the current one.

The current flag was adopted by Leonid Markelov, noted for his authoritarian pro-Russian, anti-Mari, administration and his later arrest for accepting bribes, and was designed by Andrey Sannikov. However, the adoption of the new flag was unusual, with Chairman of the Heraldic Council of the President of the Russian Federation, Georgy Vilinbakhov, noting that Markelov broke precedent for changing a republican symbol, as that only happens when an entity's border changes.

The current flag is largely associated with Markelov and Putinism, and as such Russian opposition movements in coordination with the World Congress of Finno-Ugric Peoples have launched a political campaign to restore the 2006–2011 flag, citing the aforementioned legal irregularity of Markelov's change.