Flashback (Trojan)

OSX.FlashBack, also known as the Flashback Trojan, Fakeflash, or Trojan BackDoor.Flashback, is a Trojan horse affecting personal computer systems running Mac OS X. The first variant of Flashback was discovered by antivirus company Intego in September 2011.

Infection
According to the Russian antivirus company Dr. Web, a modified version of the "BackDoor.Flashback.39" variant of the Flashback Trojan had infected over 600,000 Mac computers, forming a botnet that included 274 bots located in Cupertino, California. The findings were confirmed one day later by another computer security firm, Kaspersky Lab. This variant of the malware was first detected in April 2012 by Finland-based computer security firm F-Secure. Dr. Web estimated that in early April 2012, 56.6% of infected computers were located within the United States, 19.8% in Canada, 12.8% in the United Kingdom and 6.1% in Australia.

Details
The original variant used a fake installer of Adobe Flash Player to install the malware, hence the name "Flashback".

A later variant targeted a Java vulnerability on Mac OS X. The system was infected after the user was redirected to a compromised bogus site, where JavaScript code caused an applet containing an exploit to load. An executable file was saved on the local machine, which was used to download and run malicious code from a remote location. The malware also switched between various servers for optimized load balancing. Each bot was given a unique ID that was sent to the control server. The trojan, however, would only infect the user visiting the infected web page, meaning other users on the computer were not infected unless their user accounts had been infected separately.

Resolution
Oracle, the company that develops Java, fixed the vulnerability exploited to install Flashback on February 14, 2012. However, at the time of Flashback's release, Apple maintained the Mac OS X version of Java and did not release an update containing the fix until April 3, 2012, after the flaw had already been exploited to install Flashback on 600,000 Macs. On April 12, 2015, the company issued a further update to remove the most common Flashback variants. The updated Java release was only made available for Mac OS X Lion and Mac OS X Snow Leopard; the removal utility was released for Intel versions of Mac OS X Leopard in addition to the two newer operating systems. Users of older operating systems were advised to disable Java. There are also some third party programs to detect and remove the Flashback trojan. Apple worked on a new process that would eventually lead to a release of a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) for Mac OS X at the same time it would be available for Windows, Linux, and Solaris users. As of January 9, 2014, about 22,000 Macs were still infected with the Flashback trojan.