Focke-Wulf Ta 400

The Focke-Wulf Ta 400 was a large six-engined heavy bomber design developed in Nazi Germany in 1943 by Focke-Wulf as a serious contender for the Amerikabomber project. One of the first aircraft to be developed from components from multiple countries, it was also one of the most advanced Focke-Wulf designs of World War II, though it never progressed beyond a wind tunnel model.

Designed as a bomber and long-range reconnaissance plane by Kurt Tank, the Ta 400 had a shoulder-mounted wing with 4° dihedral. One of the most striking features were the six BMW 801D radial engines, to which two Jumo 004 jet engines were later added.

Design and development
On March 5, 1943, Kurt Tank of the Focke-Wulf company designed the Ta 400 as a bomber and long-range reconnaissance aircraft, to be powered by six BMW 801D radial engines, to which two Jumo 004 jet engines were later added. Much of the design work was carried out by French technicians working for Focke-Wulf at the Arsenal de l'Aéronautique at Châtillon-sous-Bagneux near Paris, with contracts for design and construction of major components being awarded to German, French, and Italian companies in an attempt to speed the process and begin construction of prototypes as soon as possible.

The Ta 400 had a shoulder-mounted wing with 4° dihedral, with a long straight center section extending to the middle engine on each wing, and highly tapered outer wing panels. It had twin vertical stabilizers mounted at the tips of the tailplane. Like the American Boeing B-29 Superfortress, the Ta 400 was to have a pressurized crew compartment and tail turret, connected by pressurized tunnel, as well as multiple remote-controlled turrets. The crew of nine was to be protected by a heavy defensive armament, including ten 20 mm MG 151 cannons; and the same Hecklafette quadmount tail-turret with four MG 131 machine guns, as the later model Heinkel He 177A-series aircraft and He 177B bombers would have used. Fuel supply was to have distributed across 32 fuel tanks. Another design feature was tricycle landing gear.

The maximum bomb load was to have been 24 t. With a gross weight of 80.27 t, the Ta 400 with DB 603 engines was estimated to have a range of 12000 km in the reconnaissance role, cruising at 325 km/h. The two bomber versions would have 76.07 t and 80.87 t gross weights with estimated ranges of 4500 km and 10600 km respectively. The projected Jumo-powered aircraft would have had a maximum range of 14000 km for long range reconnaissance and 13000 km as a bomber.

As with the Heinkel He 277, the Ta 400 was not built. It never progressed beyond a wind tunnel model, and performance, range and dimensions here are based solely on the designers' estimates. The master aircraft designer Ernst Heinkel himself remarked in October 1943, while both designs were still being worked on, that he thought that only the Ta 400 could be a worthy competitor to his firm's He 277, for the Amerika Bomber competition.

The Ta 400 was essentially a backup design for the Messerschmitt Me 264. As the design required more materials and labor than the Me 264, the RLM became convinced that further development of the Ta 400 was a waste, and on 15 October 1943 notified Focke-Wulf that the program would be terminated, but the minutes of a meeting in Italy between Tank and Italian aviation industrialists on 18 April 1944 – just two days before the entire He 277 program was also cancelled – confirmed that work on the design was still ongoing and proposed the cooperation of Italian industry in the project.