Forté 4GL

Forté 4GL was a proprietary application server that was developed by Forté Software and used for developing scalable, highly available, enterprise applications.

History
Forté 4GL was created as an integrated solution for developing and managing client/server applications. Forté 4GL consists of an application server, tools for deploying and monitoring an application and an object oriented proprietary programming language, TOOL (transactional object oriented language). Given that TOOL only runs on the Forté application server, many users simply refer to their "TOOL" applications as "Forté" applications. The first release of Forté 4GL was published in August 1994. After releasing this initial product, Forté Inc. proceeded to build several extensions including:
 * Web Enterprise – an HTML-wrapper interface for rich-client applications to publish their screens through web servers.
 * Forté Express – a rapid database GUI interface kit, released in July 1995.
 * Conductor – a work flow engine capable of choreographing activities, released in March 1997.
 * Forté Fusion – an integration backbone to link external systems using XML messaging and tie in with the Conductor engine.

In 1999, Forté Software came out with a version of Forté that was based on Java instead of TOOL named synerJ and was also referred to as "Forté for Java". As with the original TOOL-based products this consisted of a development IDE, a code repository, and a runtime environment. This new java product was of interest to Sun Microsystems who bought out the company. The TOOL-based extensions listed above were bundled together and re-branded as Unified Development Server (UDS) and Integration Server (IS) under the IPlanet division. The server modules were later bundled together as Enterprise Application Integration (EAI).

Sun declared the product's end-of-life, indicating no future plans to continue development of the product. Sun's official support of Forté ended in April, 2009.

Capabilities
Being an enterprise application development system, Forté 4GL supported close linkage to a number of different relational database systems, including Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL Server, Informix, and DB2. These linkages could be via SQL embedded within the TOOL code, or via SQL constructed on the fly.

It also had support for distributed applications: the developer would create an instance of a specific class, which would be placed on a user-specified server. Calls to methods through instance would be sent across the network transparently; the developer would not need to know the underlying details of how the call would be transmitted.

Programming Language TOOL
TOOL is an object-oriented language with the following features (among others):
 * automatic garbage collection
 * referenced based, no pointers
 * single inheritance and interfaces
 * supports multi-threaded programming
 * integrated statements for database access
 * event handling
 * exception handling
 * strong integration with GUI
 * one common base class called

TOOL code is case-insensitive. A statement is always terminated by the semicolon. Compound statements are enclosed by the keywords  and. Comments are indicated by // or -- (remainder of line becomes a comment), /* ... */.

Data Types

The Simple Data Types are:
 * boolean
 * float
 * double
 * char
 * string
 * Integer data types
 * i1, ui1 (signed / unsigned one byte integer)
 * i2, ui2 (signed / unsigned two bytes integer)
 * i4, ui4 (signed / unsigned four bytes integer)
 * integer (signed four bytes integer, same as i4)
 * short (signed integer, at least two bytes, same as int)
 * int (signed integer, at least two bytes)
 * long(signed integer, at least four bytes)

The corresponding object data types are (some examples):
 * BooleanData, BooleanNullable
 * IntegerData, IntegerNullable
 * DoubleData, DoubleNullable
 * TextData, TextNullable

Arrays are indicated by the keywords. The first element of an array is indexed by 1.

Variable Declaration name : string = 'John'; result : integer; dataArray : Array of IntegerData = new;

Conditional Statements (if-statement, case-statement) if result = 5100 then ... elseif result != 0 then ... else ... end if;

case result is   when 1 do        .... when 2 do       .... else ... end case;

Iteration, Loops for k in 1 to 10 by 2 do   ... end for;

for dataItem in dataArray do   ... end for;

k : integer = 2; while k < 14 do   ... k = k + 1; end while;

Events

An event is posted e.g. by the following statement: post EV_CustomerSet(id = selectedID); This statement posts an event named. This event has one argument named "id".

Events are handled by event handlers, for example: event loop preregister register GeneralHandler; ...   postregister waitTimer.IsActive = true; ...   when EV_CustomerSet( id ) do        ... when waitTimer.Tick do       exit; when task.Shutdown do       exit; end event;

Exception handling begin ...   raise UsageException; ... exception when e : UsageException do       task.ErrMgr.Clear; ...   else ...       raise; end;

Multithreading

A new thread is launched by a statement like