France–Portugal relations

France–Portugal relations (Relations France-Portugal, Relações França-Portugal) are the current and historical relations between France and Portugal. Both nations are members of the Council of Europe, European Union, NATO, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Union for the Mediterranean and the United Nations.

History
France and Portugal have a long history of relations given the proximity between both nations. Afonso I of Portugal, the founding monarch of the Kingdom of Portugal, was an agnatic descendant of the French House of Burgundy, itself a cadet branch of the influential Capetian dynasty. Both nations would become two of the largest global empires, with both the French colonial empire and the Portuguese empire competing against each other in their quest to expand their respective empires. In 1495, France and Portugal signed a Treaty of Alliance and Trade, the first between both nations. In 1536, another Treaty of Friendship and Alliance was signed between the countries.

Between 1640 and 1668, France sided with Portugal during the Portuguese Restoration War against Spain. However, during the Seven Years' War, both nations were on opposing sides during the conflict. Both France and Portugal were on opposing sides during the War of the Spanish Succession and again during the Spanish invasion of Portugal of 1762. In 1641, the first Portuguese embassy was sent to France. Relations between France and Portugal came to a low when in 1807, Portugal refused French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte's demand to accede to the Continental System of embargo against the United Kingdom. Soon afterwards, a French invasion under General Jean-Andoche Junot followed, and the Portuguese capital of Lisbon was captured on 8 December 1807. As a result of the impending French invasion, the Portuguese monarchy transferred its court to Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro would remain the capital of Portugal and the empire between 1808 and 1821. Lisbon regained its status as the capital of Portugal when Brazil declared its independence from Portugal in 1822.

British intervention in the Peninsular War helped in maintaining Portuguese independence; the last French troops were expelled in 1812. The war cost Portugal the town of Olivença, which is now governed by Spain.

During the 20th century, Portugal and France would forge closer political ties, with France gaining a greater relevance in Portuguese foreign policy issues. During World War I, Portugal remained neutral, however, in 1916 it became an associated member to the Allied forces (which included France). During World War II, Portugal remained neutral throughout the war.

Between the 1950s and 1970s, nearly a million Portuguese emigrated to France to escape the Estado Novo regime and poverty.

Diaspora
France is host to the largest Portuguese diaspora community in Europe with approximately 1.7 million Portuguese citizens living in France, and making Portugal the largest foreign community in France. Meanwhile, 27,512 French citizens are living in Portugal in 2022.

Economic relations
In 2021, trade in goods between the two countries amounted to 13.8 billion euros (corresponding to 8.3 billion euros in exports and 5.5 billion euros in imports). In 2021, France consolidated its position as the second destination for Portuguese exports (13.1% of the total), which from the previous year alone grew by €1 billion. More than 5,400 Portuguese companies exported to the country.

In terms of investment, France was the first foreign investor in Portugal in 2021, and the fourth in terms of accumulated stock, with more than €13 billion. Between 2016 and 2020, French investment in Portugal grew by 86%. Around 750 French companies are established in Portugal, with their subsidiaries creating the most added value in the country.

In the tourism sector, France was in 2021 Portugal's second largest market in terms of guests, third in terms of overnight stays and first in terms of revenue (€1.7 billion).

Being an area particularly affected by the pandemic, the tourism sector showed a strong recovery after 2020, with a growth of 60.9% in the number of guests and 61.3% in French overnight stay values. In 2019, before the pandemic, there were 1,623,200 French guests, a number which fell to 725,100 in 2021.

Resident diplomatic missions

 * France has an embassy in Lisbon.
 * Portugal has an embassy in Paris, consulates-general in Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille, Strasbourg, and a vice-consulate in Toulouse.