Frederick Hemke

Frederick L. Hemke, DMA (né Fred LeRoy Hemke Jr.; July 11, 1935 – April 17, 2019) was an American virtuoso classical saxophonist and influential professor of saxophone at Northwestern University. Hemke helped to increase the popularity of classical saxophone, particularly among leading American composers. He contributed to raise the recognition of the classical saxophone in solo, chamber, and major orchestral repertoire throughout the world. For half a century, from 1962 to 2012, Hemke was a full-time faculty music educator at Northwestern University's Bienen School of Music. In 2002, Hemke was named Associate Dean Emeritus of the School of Music. He retired from Northwestern University in 2012. Throughout his career, Hemke helped build American saxophone repertoire through many composers including Muczynski, Creston, Stein, Heiden, and Karlins. Journalist and author Michael Segell, in his 2005 book, The Devil's Horn, called Hemke "The Dean of Saxophone Education in America." Hemke died on April 17, 2019.

Formal education
From 1955 to 1956, Hemke studied saxophone with Marcel Mule at the Paris Conservatoire National de Musique et de Declamation, earning in 1956 the Premier Prix diploma. Hemke holds the distinction of being the first American saxophonist to earn a Premier Prix diploma from the Paris Conservatory. In 1958, Hemke earned a Bachelor of Science degree in music education from University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. In 1962, he earned a Master of Music degree from the Eastman School of Music. In 1975, Hemke earned a D.M.A. degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

In primary and secondary school, until the start of college, Hemke studied saxophone with Eddie Schmidt, a band director in Milwaukee, and a close friend of Ralph Joseph Hermann (1914–1994) — musician, composer, songwriter, and music publisher. Hemke was highly influenced by Schmidt's recording of Marcel Mule — and also of his recordings of Al Gallodoro, and Freddy Gardner. At the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Hemke studied with Jay Morton, teacher of woodwinds. Hemke did not have a formal saxophone teacher at Eastman, but while there, studied reeds with clarinetist Stanley Hasty (1920–2011), flute repertoire with Joseph Mariano (1911–2007), and oboe repertoire with Robert Sprenkle (1914–1988).

Teaching career
Hemke taught saxophone at Northwestern's School of Music for fifty years. He began in 1962 as a teaching associate. In 1964 he became an assistant professor and was appointed chairman of the newly formed Winds and Percussion Instruments Department. In 1967 Hemke was elevated to associate professor; on September 1, 1975, Full Professor; and on September 1, 1991, chairman of the Department of Music Performance Studies at the School of Music. Hemke served as senior associate dean for administration in the School of Music from 1995 to 2001. In 2002, Hemke was named the Louis and Elsie Snydacker Eckstein Professor of Music and also named associate dean emeritus of the School of Music. He retired from full-time teaching in 2012. As a music educator in higher education, Hemke has taught hundreds of saxophonists, many of whom have flourished as performing artists and music educators of international rank. From 2013 until his death, Hemke served as artistic director and taught during summers at the Frederick L. Hemke Saxophone Institute, located at Snow Pond Center for the Arts in Sidney, ME.

Other positions
Hemke was well known as the designer of a line of reeds which bear the trademark "Frederick L. Hemke Reeds." D'Addario began making the brand in 1982. Hemke was an artist-clinician for The Selmer Company, the North American distributor of saxophones made in France by the Paris firm, Henri Selmer Paris. In 1979 Hemke was host for the Sixth World Saxophone Congress held at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.

Performing career
Hemke was an internationally acclaimed saxophone artist. Hemke has appeared extensively as a solo artist and has given master classes and lectures in the United States, Canada, Scandinavia, and the Far East. He performed with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and many other orchestras. He premiered several works for saxophone, including Allan Pettersson's Symphony No. 16 (February 24, 1983) and James Di Pasquale's Sonata for tenor saxophone. Di Pasquale, a prolific composer, had studied saxophone with Hemke and Sigurd Rascher.


 * Selected performances
 * Hemke made his New York debut on April 16, 1962, at the Town Hall, a storied concert venue that had its first-ever classical saxophone performance on February 5, 1937 — by Cecil Leeson. Hemke performed compositions by Pascal, Lantier, Rueff, Hartley, and Stein and arrangements by Mule of Bach and Leclair.
 * Premier, February 27, 2014, Augusta Read Thomas, Hemke Concerto, Prisms of Light, for solo alto saxophone and orchestra
 * 1) "Illuminations"
 * 2) "Sunrise Ballad"
 * 3) "Chasing Radiance"
 * 4) "Solar Rings"
 * Hemke, saxophone, with the New Haven Symphony Orchestra, William Boughton conducting
 * Recorded at Woolsey Hall, New Haven, Connecticut, February 27, 2014
 * Commissioned as a retirement gift to Fred Hemke by current and former students; the composer, Thomas, had been Hemke's colleague at Northwestern
 * From the album, A Portrait of Augusta Read Thomas, Nimbus Records (CD) (2014);

Advocacy for B♭ tenor saxophone
In a traditional modern saxophone quartet — B♭ soprano, E♭ alto, B♭ tenor, and E♭ baritone saxophone — repertoire and popularity for solo classical was, and still is, dominated by B♭ soprano and E♭ alto saxophone. Bucking the trend, Hemke spent time focusing on the B♭ tenor as a classical solo instrument, as evidenced by the release of his 1971 solo album, Music for Tenor Saxophone. In orchestral music, the tenor is known as one of the three saxophone voices in Ravel's Boléro — originally performed by two saxophonists, one on E♭ sopranino and one on tenor doubling on B♭ soprano. Recordings by tenor saxophone virtuoso James Houlik and others notwithstanding, classical tenor saxophone recordings make up a small portion of the classical saxophone repertoire and discography universe.

Selected discography

 * Solo recordings
 * Contest Music for Saxophone, Lapider Records M 249-04, distributed by H. & A. Selmer, Elkhart (LP) (1962)
 * (stereo) (LP)
 * (mono) (cassette)
 * (mono) (LP)
 * (mono) (LP)
 * (LP)
 * (LP)
 * James Jacobs Edmonds (1931–2002), piano
 * Hemke performed on a Selmer Mark VI


 * Side 1
 * Matrix N° XCTV-87627 (mono)
 * Matrix N° RG 576A (stereo)
 * 1. Chanson et Passepied, Op. 16, by Jeanine Rueff, Leduc (©1951);

2. Sicilienne, by Pierre Lantier, Leduc (©1944);

3. Chant Corse, by Henri Tomasi, Leduc (©1932); ,

4. Elegie, by Hermann Reutter, Leduc (©1957);

5. Villageoise, by Marcel Bitsch, Leduc (©1953);

6. Suite, by Paul Bonneau, Leduc (©1944); 1. "Plainte"

2. "Espieglerie"

7. Variations on a Theme by Claude Le Jeune, by Franz Tournier (1923–2010), Leduc (©1955);

8. Cantilena et Danse, by Denis Joly (fr), Leduc (©1949);
 * Side 2
 * Matrix N° XCTV-87628 (mono)
 * Matrix N° RG 576A (stereo)
 * 1. An Abstract, by David Ward, Southern Music Co. (©1963);

2. Cantilena, by Warren Benson, Boosey & Hawkes (©1954);

3. Petite Suite, by Walter Hartley, Fema Music Publications (©1962);

4. Violin Sonata No. 2, Op.1, by Jean-Marie Leclair 1. "Gigue," arr. Marcel Mule Leduc (©1951);

5. Prelude to Cantata No. 12, by Bach, arr. by Sigurd Raschèr, Chappell (©1938); 1. "Weinen"

2. "Klagen"

3. "Sorgen"

4. "Zagen"

6. Orchestral Suite No. 3, BWV 1068, by J.S. Bach 1. "Gavottes I & II", arr. by Marcel Mule Leduc (©1939);

7. Adagio, by Arcangelo Corelli, arr. by Marcel Mule, Leduc (©1939);

8. Le Fete du Village, by François-Joseph Gossec, arr. by Marcel Mule, Leduc (©1937);
 * Music for Tenor Saxophone, Brewster Records BR 1204 (LP) (1971);
 * Milton Lewis Granger (born 1947), piano
 * Album cover art: Fred Hemke
 * Notes by Charles (Chuck) Brewster Hawes, PhD (born 1945)


 * 1) Sonata, for tenor saxophone and piano, by James Di Pasquale
 * 2) A Ballad in Time and Space, by William Duckworth
 * 3) Poem, for tenor saxophone and piano, by Walter Hartley
 * 4) Music for Tenor Saxophone and Piano, by Martin William Karlins


 * The American Saxophone, Brewster Records BR 1203 (LP) (1971);
 * Milton Lewis Granger (born 1947), piano
 * Album cover art: Fred Hemke
 * Notes by Alan Burrage Stout (born 1932)


 * 1) Concerto, for alto saxophone, by Ingolf Dahl
 * 2) Farewell, by Warren Benson
 * 3) Concerto, for alto saxophone, Karel Husa
 * 4) Aeolian Song, by Warren Benson


 * Music for Tenor Saxophone (1971) and The American Saxophone (1971) was
 * Re-issued as a compilation under the title:
 * The American Saxophone, EnF Records 1203-2 (CD) (2006);


 * Simple Gifts, EnF Records (CD) (2006);
 * Douglas Cleveland, organ
 * Recorded at Alice Miller Chapel, Northwestern University on the Æolian-Skinner Organ and at Trinity United Methodist Church, Wilmette, Illinois, on the 2001 Reuter Organ


 * Fascinating Rhythm, Sins Of My Old Age, EnF Records (CD) (2010);
 * The Music of George Gershwin
 * Hemke, Alto Saxophone
 * Figard String Quintet: Tracy Figard, violin; Catherine Price, violin; Kristin Figard, viola; Sam Norlund, cello; Douglas Nestler, double bass
 * Notes by Jonah L. Blum (born 1976) (in English) and Hemke
 * Cover art by Hemke


 * Premier, February 27, 2014, Augusta Read Thomas, Hemke Concerto, Prisms of Light, for solo alto saxophone and orchestra
 * 1) "Illuminations"
 * 2) "Sunrise Ballad"
 * 3) "Chasing Radiance"
 * 4) "Solar Rings"
 * Hemke, saxophone, with the New Haven Symphony Orchestra, William Boughton, conducting
 * Recorded at Woolsey Hall, New Haven, Connecticut, February 27, 2014
 * Commissioned as a retirement gift to Fred Hemke by current and former students; the composer, Thomas, had been Hemke's colleague at Northwestern
 * From the album, A Portrait of Augusta Read Thomas, Nimbus Records (CD) (2014);


 * Ensemble recordings
 * Hemke has recorded with the Eastman Wind Ensemble, and The University of Chicago Contemporary Chamber Players.


 * Symphony No. 16, by Allan Pettersson, Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra, Yuri Ahronovitch conducting, Swedish Society Discofil (LP) (1985); and (CD) (1994)
 * Recorded at the Stockholm Concert Hall, October 17 & 18, 1984


 * Winds of Change – American Music for Wind Ensemble From the 1950s to the 1970s, New World Records NW-211 (LP) (1977); ,
 * Northwestern University Wind Ensemble, John Philip Paynter (1928–1996) (nl) conducting
 * Recorded November 1976
 * 4th work: Concerto for Saxophone and Orchestra of Wind Instruments, by Ross Lee Finney, Hemke, alto saxophone


 * Music by Warren Benson, CRI Records SD-433 & SD 418 (LP) (1981);
 * Hemke, E♭ alto saxophone
 * With the Kronos Quartet: David Harrington, violin; John Sherba, violin; Hank Dutt, viola; Joan Jeanrenaud, cello
 * Recorded November 27, 1978, Kresge Recording Studios, Eastman School of Music
 * First work: The Dream Net, quintet for saxophone and string quartet, commissioned by Hemke
 * "Slow" (audio)
 * "Quick" (audio)
 * "Flexing" (audio)


 * Incantations (in four movements), by Ralph Shapey, CRI Records 232 (LP) (1969); ,
 * Notes by Carter Harman
 * For soprano, violoncello, trumpet, E♭ alto saxophone, French horn, piano, tympani, cymbals, tomtoms, irons, and gongs
 * Bethany Beardslee, soprano, Contemporary Chamber Players of the University of Chicago
 * Ralph Shapey conducting
 * Re-released CRI Records (CD) (1995);
 * Re-released CRI Records (CD) (2007);


 * Concerto for Saxophone and Winds by Paul Creston, Interlochen Arts Academy Records (1978)
 * Interlochen Arts Academy Wind Ensemble, Dennis L. Johnson (born 1946) conducting
 * 33rd Annual Midwestern Conference on School Vocal and Instrumental Music
 * Performed live, January 21, 1978, Hill Auditorium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
 * 1. "Meditative"

2. "Rhythmic"


 * Concerto for Saxophone and Wind Orchestra by Ingolf Dahl, University of Wisconsin–Madison Records (1972);
 * University of Wisconsin–Madison Wind Ensemble, (H. Robert Reynolds) conducting

Chicago Symphony Orchestra
 * Pictures at an Exhibition, by Mussorgsky, orchestrated by Ravel, Ozawa conducting (1968);


 * L'Arlésienne Suites Nos. 1 and 2, by Bizet, RCA Red Seal LSC-2939 (LP) (1967);
 * Jean Martinon conducting
 * Re-released RCA Camden Classics Victrola CCV 5011 (LP) (1971)
 * Re-released RCA VICS 1593 (LP) (1971);
 * Re-released RCA (LP) (1977);
 * Re-released RCA LPS 9845 (LP)


 * Age of Gold (ballet suite), by Shostakovich, RCA Red Seal GL 42916 (LP) (1968);
 * Stokowski conducting
 * Recorded February 20–21, 1968, Medinah Temple, Chicago
 * Re-released RCA Red Seal LSC 3133 (LP) (1970);
 * Re-released RCA Red Seal (LP) (1975);
 * Re-released RCA Red Seal (LP) (1979);
 * Re-released RCA Red Seal (CD) (1997);
 * Also re-released with several various compilations


 * Boléro, by Ravel, Quintessence PMC 1017 (1977);
 * Martinon conducting


 * Boléro, by Ravel, Decca Matrix N° ZAL 14720 (LP)
 * Solti conducting
 * Recorded May 1976, Medinah Temple, Chicago
 * Original release Decca (1977)
 * Original release London Records (LP) (1977);
 * Re-released Decca (CD) (1996);
 * Re-released Universal Classics (2003);
 * Re-released Deutsche Grammophon (2003);
 * and
 * and


 * Final Alice, by Del Tredici, Decca, London (LP) (1981);
 * Barbara Hendricks, soprano; Fred Hemke, Robert Black, soprano saxophones; Fred Spector, mandolin; Frederic Chrislip, tenor banjo; Herman Troppe, accordion; Solti conducting
 * Recorded twice. Once in 1976 after World Premier and again 1978, after second live performance series before Solti and his exacting standards would allow release. Medinah Temple, Chicago
 * Re-released on Decca Eloquence 442 995, Australia (CD) (2008);

Selected publications
Educational publications
 * The Early History of the Saxophone (DMA dissertation), by Hemke, University of Wisconsin (1975); ,
 * The dissertation explores in depth the saxophone's history and gradual acceptance in the realm of symphonic music


 * On Reading Music: An Information Processing Analysis, by Gilbert Koreb Krulee (born 1924) & Hemke (1980);
 * The Selmer Series, Elkhart, Indiana:
 * "Teacher's Guide to the Saxophone," by Hemke, Elkhart, Indiana: Selmer (1977);
 * The Orchestral Saxophone, by Hemke & Walker L Smith, Elkhart, Indiana: Selmer (1975);
 * A Comprehensive Listing of Saxophone Literature, by Hemke, Elkhart, Indiana: Selmer (1975);

Commissions and dedications
 * "Music for Tenor Saxophone and Piano," by M. William Karlins (1969, ©1972);
 * Symphony No. 16, for orchestra with bravura alto saxophone, by Allan Pettersson, commissioned by Hemke (1979, ©1989);
 * The Dream Net, 1974, revised 1978, by Warren Benson, commissioned by Hemke, dedicated to Alec Wilder, premiered by Hemke May 23, 1975, with the Eckstein Quartet, Lutken Hall, Northwestern University;
 * "Wind Rose", by Warren Benson (1966), commissioned by Hemke and the Northwestern University Saxophone, dedicated to Hemke and the Northwestern University Saxophone Quartet on their tour of Asia, Spring, 1966;
 * Little Suite, by Walter Hartley, for Hemke, for baritone saxophone and piano (1974);
 * 5 Etudes for Alto Saxophone, by Robert Lemay (fr), Courlay: Éditions Fuzeau
 * 2000;
 * Revised 2006;, ,
 * Commissioned by Jean-François Guay
 * Homage to Marcel Mule, Jean-Marie Londeix, Eugene Rousseau, Fred Hemke, Daniel Deffayet
 * Funded in part by the Conseil des arts et des lettres du Québec


 * Episode, for saxophone quartet, by Jared Tozier Spears (born 1936), commissioned by Hemke (1969);
 * Symphony for Saxophone and Wind Band, by Gerald Eugene Kemner (1932–2006) (composed around 1962 for Hemke)

Music editions
 * Hemke has edited works for saxophone solos and saxophone ensembles, twenty-five of which are part of the Frederick Hemke Saxophone Series published by the Southern Music Company.

Hemke's saxophone and accessories
Hemke had been a primary design consultant for the S-80 mouthpiece manufactured by Henri Selmer Paris. For alto saxophone, Hemke uses a custom version of the S-80. The mouthpiece is metal with a square chamber.

The Selmer Mark VII E♭ alto and B♭ tenor saxophones, introduced in 1974, were designed in consultation with Hemke.

Audio samples and videography

 * , by Allan Pettersson
 * Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra, Yuri Ahronovitch conducting, Swedish Society Discofil (1994);


 * , by Claudio Gabriele (composed 2005)
 * For 12 saxophones
 * North American premier
 * Northwestern University Saxophone Ensemble, Hemke conducting


 * , by Claudio Gabriele (composed 2011)
 * For 9 saxophones
 * World premiere, 2008, Pick-Steiger Concert Hall, Evanston, Illinois
 * Northwestern University Saxophone Ensemble, Hemke conducting

Hemke Legacy Tribute: May 29 – June 3, 2012, Northwestern University
 * 7:30, May 31, 2012, Pick-Staiger Concert Hall, Northwestern University
 * Songs by Gershwin, arranged by Jonah L. Blum (born 1976)
 * Northwestern University Chamber Orchestra, Robert Hasty conducting
 * Scenes from Porgy and Bess
 * "Summertime"
 * "Bess, You Is My Woman Now"
 * "I Got Plenty o' Nuttin' "
 * "Gone, Gone, Gone"
 * "I Loves You, Porgy"
 * "Summertime"
 * "Summertime"


 * (Brahms's Variations on the St. Anthony Chorale by Haydn)
 * Arranged by Gary S. Bricault (born 1952) at the request of Fred Hemke
 * Northwestern University Alumni Saxo Orchestra, Stephen Alltop conducting
 * Performed June 3, 2012, at Northwestern University
 * 105 saxophones: 3 E♭ sopraninos, 23 B♭ sopranos, 35 E♭ altos, 25 B♭ tenors, 12 E♭ baritones, 6 B♭ basses, and 1 E♭ contra bass tubax
 * 105 saxophones: 3 E♭ sopraninos, 23 B♭ sopranos, 35 E♭ altos, 25 B♭ tenors, 12 E♭ baritones, 6 B♭ basses, and 1 E♭ contra bass tubax


 * , Eric Howell Music (DVD) (2012);