French submarine Turquoise (1908)

Turquoise was one of six Émeraude-class submarines built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) in the first decade of the 20th century.

Design and description
The Émeraude class were built as part of the French Navy's 1903 building program to a Maugas single-hull design. The submarines displaced 395 t surfaced and 427 t submerged. They had an overall length of 44.9 m, a beam of 3.9 m, and a draft of 3.8 m. They had an operational diving depth of 40 m. Their crew numbered 2 officers and 23 enlisted men.

For surface running, the boats were powered by two Sautter-Harlé 300 PS diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 300-metric-horsepower electric motor. They could reach a maximum speed of 11.26 kn on the surface and 8.5 kn underwater. The Émeraude class had a surface endurance of 2000 nmi at 7.3 kn and a submerged endurance of 100 nmi at 5 kn.

The boats were armed with four internal 450 mm torpedo tubes, two in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried six torpedoes. Turquoise and her sister FRENCH SUBMARINE Topaze were the first French submarines to be equipped with a deck gun when they were fitted with a single 37 mm gun in August 1915.

Construction and career
Turquoise was laid down in October 1903 at the Arsenal de Toulon, launched on 3 August 1908 and commissioned on 10 December 1910.

During World War I, Turquoise was received a direct hit to her periscope in the Dardanelles off Nagara Point, Ottoman Empire, on 30 October 1915 by an artillery corporal named Müstecip while traveling on the surface. {The crew surrendered) She was repaired by Ottoman forces on 3 November 1915 and taken into the Ottoman Navy as Müstecip Onbaşı, and returned in 1918.