Fu Wuji

Fu Wuji (, fl. 136–152) was an Eastern Han dynasty scholar. He is known for his Fuhou gujin zhu, an important historical encyclopedia, and his work on the Dongguan Hanji, a historical book which was later replaced by the Book of the Later Han. He also created the Treatise on Geography, one of the sources for the Book of the Later Han.

Life
Fu Wuji was born in Dongwu, Langya Commandery (modern-day Zhucheng, Shandong). His father, Fu Chen, was recorded to be a "scholarly, generous man" and had married the Princess of Gaoyang. He came from a prominent family of scholars that claimed descent from the Qin and early Han scholar Fu Sheng. His great-great-grandfather Fu Zhan was an advisor to the Eastern Han founder Emperor Guangwu and had been made marquis of Buji County (不其侯), with a fief of 3600 households. After his father's death, Fu Wuji inherited his title of marquis. Thus, Fu Wuji is often referred to as Marquis Fu (伏侯 Fu hou).

During the reign of Emperor Shun (126–144), he was made palace attendant commandant of garrison cavalry (侍中屯騎校尉, shizhong tunqi jiaowei). and in 136 he was commissioned with Huang Jing (黃景) to edit the imperial collections of Confucian classics and philosophical writings as well as works on art, calligraphy, mathematics, archery, chariot-driving, medicine, and divination. Nothing else is recorded about the project, suggesting that it involved cataloging rather than detailed copy-editing.

During the era of Yuanjia (151–153), Fu Wuji, Huang Jing, Cui Shi (Han dynasty), and others were called to work on the third expansion of the Han ji (漢記, lit. 'Records of Han'), which would later be known as the Dongguan Hanji. They worked on the Tables of kings, sons of kings, eminent statesmen and generals, and marquises not of royal descent and the biographies of the leaders of the southern branch of the Xiongnu and the Qiang. Fu Wuji and Huang Jing also worked on a Treatise on Geography (地理志, dili zhi).

After his death, his son Fu Zhi (伏質) succeeded him as marquis. Fu Zhi would serve as Minister of Finance under Emperor Huan or Ling.

Treatise on Geography
The Treatise on Geography, written by Fu Wuji and Huang Jing, was one of the main sources for Sima Biao's Treatise on Administrative Geography (junguo zhi 郡國志) in his Xu Hanshu, which Liu Zhao (Liang dynasty) would later add to the Book of the Later Han.

The Treatise on Administrative Geography in the Book of the Later Han quotes the Dongguan Hanji as saying "in the first year of Yongxing (153), there were 3,681 xiang (鄉) and 12,443 ting (亭)". The mention of the date implies that the quotation cannot be from Fu Wuji and Huang Jing's work. Either this quotation was never part of a Treatise of Geography, or Fu Wuji's work was brought up to date from time to time. The Siku Quanshu editors, who collected fragments of the Dongguan Hanji from various sources, assigned another quotation with an even later date to the Treatise on Geography: "In the twentieth year of Jian'an (215), Hanning Commandery was reestablished."

Fuhou gujin zhu
Fu Wuji is most known for his Fuhou gujin zhu (伏侯古今注, lit. 'Notes of the Marquis Fu on Things Ancient and Modern') or simply Gujin zhu (古今注). It was a historical encyclopedia covering the time from the Yellow Emperor to 146 CE. It included information on a diverse range of topics, including astrological signs, terrestrial portents, population figures, the tabooed personal names of emperors, the dimensions of imperial tombs, official salaries, and the currency of the Qin dynasty. It is now lost apart from quotations.

The Book of Sui and Li Xian's Tang dynasty commentary to the Book of the Later Han both record the Fuhou gujin zhu as having 8 juan (volumes). The Old Book of Tang also lists the text as having 8 juan, indicating that the text was able to survive the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Southern Song period encyclopedia Tongzhi lists the text as only having 3 juan. It was lost thereafter.

The Fuhou gujin zhu is quoted nearly 220 times in the commentary to the Book of the Later Han. In particular, Liu Zhao (Liang dynasty) heavily quotes the Fuhou gujin zhu in his commentary to the Treatise on the Heavens (天文志) in the Book of the Later Han, as Sima Biao missed many astronomical signs: in total, Liu Zhao added 90 signs to the 139 listed in the treatise.

Several Qing dynasty scholars have reconstructed the text of the Fuhou gujin zhu from quotations preserved in extant texts, including Mao Panlin, whose reconstruction can be found in several of his works; Ma Guohan in his Yuhan shanfang jiyi shu (玉函山房輯佚書); Huang Shi (Qing dynasty) in his Huangshi yishu kao (黄氏逸书考) and Han xuetang congshu (漢學堂叢書); Gu Huaisan (顧櫰三) in his Bu hou hanshu yiwen zhi (補后漢書藝文志); and Tang Qiu, whose reconstruction is now lost.