Fumarate reductase

Fumarate reductase is the enzyme that converts fumarate to succinate, and is important in microbial metabolism as a part of anaerobic respiration. The catalyzed reaction is:


 * succinate + acceptor <=> fumarate + reduced acceptor

Fumarate reductases can be divided into two classes depending on the electron acceptor:
 * Fumarate reductase (NADH)
 * The enzyme is monomeric and soluble, and can reduce fumarate independently from the electron transport chain. Fumarate reductase is absent from all mammalian cells.
 * Fumarate reductase (quinol)
 * The membrane-bound enzyme covalently linked to flavin cofactors, which is composed of 3 or 4 subunits, transfers electrons from a quinol to fumarate. This class of enzyme is thus involved in the production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.