Fuyu County, Heilongjiang

Fuyu is a county of western Heilongjiang province, China, under the administration of Qiqihar City. Various economic crops and the milk are produced in the fertile land. The county has an area of 4026 km2, and has a population of approximately 300,000 inhabitants, per a 2023 government publication.

Toponymy
Fuyu County is named after the nearby, which derives from a Jurchen word for waterlogged depression. The county's name been transcribed into Chinese in a number of different ways, such as Wuyur, Huyur , Huyur , and Wuyur.

History
The area of present-day Fuyu County was once inhabited by the Sushen.

The area also once belonged to the kingdom of Buyeo, and later.

The area would later be inhabited by the Heishui Mohe.

The Liao dynasty then conquered the area, and placed it under, which was then administered by.

Under the Jin dynasty, the area was administered as.

Following the Jin dynasty, the area was ruled by the Yuan dynasty.

Under the Ming dynasty, which followed the Yuan, the area was administered as part of the Nurgan Regional Military Commission.

During the Qing dynasty, the area was administered as part of Qiqihar. In 1685, Qing settlers established a settlement in contemporary, known as Dalaiketun. Towards the end of the Qing dynasty, the region was put under the administration of and.

On March 19, 1929, the Republic of China reorganized the area as Fuyu Administrative Bureau, an.

On October 1, 1933, the puppet state of Manchukuo established Fuyu County. Since then, the county has changed provinces numerous times, and has changed prefecture a number of times, until December 15, 1984, when it was placed under Qiqihar, which has remained since.

Administrative divisions
Fuyu County is divided into six towns, three townships, and one ethnic township.

The county's six towns are, , , , , and.

The county's three townships are, , and.

The county's sole ethnic township is.

Geography
Fuyu County is located on the left bank of the middle reaches of the Nen River, to the north of Qiqihar's urban core, and the adjacent prefecture-level city of Daqing. Qiqihar's downtown is located 65 km to the southwest. Fuyu County is bordered by Yi'an County to the east, Gannan County to the west across Nen River, and the county-level city of Nehe to the north.

Topography
Fuyu County's elevation is higher in the northeast, and lower in the southwest, and the county has an average elevation of 185 m above sea level.

Fauna
Wild animals common in Fuyu County include wolves, foxes, rabbits, red-crowned cranes, storks, and the scaly-sided merganser. Common sea creatures in Fuyu County include Asian carp, goldfish, and catfish.

Climate
Fuyu has a cold, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with four distinct seasons. It has long, bitterly cold, dry winters and very warm, rainy summers.

Ethnic groups
The county is home to 17 different ethnic groups: Han Chinese, Manchu, Daur, Fuyu Kyrgyz, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Korean, Xibe, Yao, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Uygur. The Han Chinese comprise 95.5% of the county's population. Much of the county's ethnic minorities live in villages clustered together, such as Manchus living in the village of Sanjiazi (Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo), Kyrgyz living in Wujiazi, Daurs living in Dengke and other villages, and Mongols living in Daxiaoquanzi.

Manchu
Fuyu County is home to approximately 7,000 Manchu people, most of whom live in the villages of Damagang, Xiaomagang , and Dagaoliang. The town of hosts an annual Manchu sports festival, which includes horse racing, wrestling, archery, a competition in the traditional Manchu sport of pearl ball, and other events.

Daur
Fuyu County's government estimates that there are approximately 6,000 Daur people living in the county, and that the county's Daur population migrated to the area during the 1750s.

Villages in Fuyu County with large amounts of Daur people include Dengke Dongji, Dahazhou , Liangchufang , Shiwuli , Dongtaha , Xiaogaoliang , Xitaha , Kumu , Jiqibao  and Fufeng.

Mongol
Fuyu County is home to over 2,000 Mongols, who are predominantly Oirats. The county's Mongol population is largely concentrated in the villages of Daquanzi, Xiaoquanzi , Chenjiazi , Bajiazi , and Sanjianfang.

Fuyu Kyrgyz
The largely Fuyu Kyrgyz village of Wujiazi is the largest concentration of Kyrgyz people in China, outside of Xinjiang. Of the 653 people who live in the village, 219 (33.54%) are Kyrgyz. Fuyu County as a whole has 1,400 Kyrgyz people. The Fuyu Kyrgyz are separate from the other Kyrgyz ethnic group (see the Fuyu Kyrgyz language classification), but they are usually listed as Kyrgyz by the authorities.

Languages
Sanjiazi (三家子; Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo) in Fuyu County is one of the few villages whose elderly inhabitants are considered to being the last native speakers of Manchu. The village's school offers courses in Manchu.

The Fuyu Kyrgyz language is spoken in Fuyu County. It is not a variety of Kyrgyz, but is closer to the Siberian modern Khakas and the ancient language of the Yenisei Kyrgyz.

Economy
Agriculture in Fuyu County is significant. Major crops grown within Fuyu County include soybeans, maize, wheat, rice, sorghum, millet, sugar beets, potatoes, sunflowers, and various vegetables. Common livestock in Fuyu County include dairy cows, beef cattle, pigs, sheep, and poultry.

Mineral resources in Fuyu County include sand, gravel, clay, peat, mineral water, quartz, chalk, and agate.

Transportation
The Qiqihar–Bei'an railway and the Qiqihar–Jiagedaqi railway both run through Fuyu County. Major roads servicing Fuyu County include the G11 Hegang–Dalian Expressway and Heilongjiang Provincial Road S302.