GM small gasoline engine

The GM Small Gasoline Engine (SGE) is a family of small-displacement three- and four-cylinder gasoline engines ranging from 1.0 L to 1.5 L, developed by Adam Opel AG, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC), MG Motor (MG), Shanghai GM (SGM) and the Pan-Asia Technical Automotive Center (PATAC).

The new global family is designed to improve fuel economy, performance, and emissions, reduce noise and vibrations. To achieve this, it features lightweight design and advanced technologies like gasoline direct injection, turbocharging, variable length intake manifold and alternative fuel compatibility. It uses a modular approach with interchangeable components that can be suited to specific application.

The initial engine variants include
 * 999 cc I3 DI DCVCP turbo 77.4 mm stroke,
 * 1118 cc I3 PFI 86.6 mm stroke,
 * 1399 cc I4 DI DCVCP turbo 81.3 mm stroke and
 * 1490 cc I4 PFI 86.6 mm stroke. All are derived from just two blocks (three and four cylinder) sharing a common 74 mm bore with 81 mm bore spacing. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries provides one-stage single-scroll turbocharger.

To reduce NVH (Noise, vibration, and harshness) levels the direct injection fuel rail mounts to the cylinder head and valve cover via bushings that isolate the loud ticking noise that injector pintles make. GM claims that the 1.0-liter turbo is 25 percent (3 dBA) quieter than the Ford Fiesta's 1.0-liter turbo, and the 1.4-liter is up to 50 percent (6 dBA) quieter than the VW/Audi 1.4-liter turbo. Other silencing measures include a bed-plate cylinder block that increases stiffness and a stiffened aluminum front cam cover. Three-cylinder variants get a balance shaft that is integrated with the oil pump and located inside the two-piece aluminum oil pan to prevent radiated noise. The shaft counter-rotates at engine speed. GM claims that the EcoTec triple will idle more smoothly than Ford's three-cylinder, which does not use a shaft.

All turbocharged variants will provide 90 percent of their maximum torque between 1500 and 5000 rpm, with peak power arriving between 5600 and 6000 rpm. The MHI turbochargers are sized to provide quick torque response, and are mounted very close to the cylinders, thanks to cylinder heads that incorporate the exhaust manifolds in the head.

To reduce mass, the engines are compact in all directions, made almost entirely of aluminum, and feature composite intake manifolds. This removes 44 lb from the existing 1.4-liter turbo in the Cruze and makes it 8 lb lighter than the 1.4-liter VW turbo. GM says this engine weighs 216 lb, ready for installation.

The engines will debut in the 2014 Opel Adam and will be produced in Szentgotthárd, Hungary and GM's Flint Engine plant. The new engine family will spread to other brands and markets by the end of the decade and will replace three separate engine families (S-TEC, Family 0, and Family 1).

The engine is used in: The assembly lines for North American facilities were manufactured by Hirata Corporation at their powertrain facility in Kumamoto, Japan.
 * 2014 Opel Adam
 * 2014 MG GT
 * 2014 Opel Corsa E
 * 2014 Roewe 360
 * 2015 MG GS
 * 2016 Buick Encore Sport Touring
 * 2015-16 Chevrolet Cruze
 * 2016 Chevrolet Malibu
 * 2016 Chevrolet Volt
 * 2016 Chevrolet Spark
 * 2016 Buick Envision
 * 2016 Roewe e950 plug-in hybrid
 * 2016 Roewe RX5
 * 2017 Roewe i6
 * 2017 MG 6
 * 2017 Roewe i5
 * 2018 Chevrolet Equinox
 * 2018 MG HS
 * 2018 MG ZS

LV7
The LV7 is the multi-point fuel injection 1.4L naturally aspirated variant of the SGE engine, with a 74x81.3 mm bore and stroke for a total capacity of 1399 cc. Compression ratio is 10.6:1 and the engine can run on regular unleaded grade gasoline. Assembly is in Changwon, South Korea.

LE2
The LE2 is the direct-injection 1.4L turbocharged variant of the SGE engine, with a 74x81.3 mm bore and stroke for a total capacity of 1399 cc. Compression ratio is 10.0:1 and the engine can run on regular grade gasoline. The LE2 is also paired with Start-Stop technology in some vehicles.

L3A
The L3A is the direct injection 1.5L naturally aspirated variant of the SGE engine used in the second generation Chevrolet Volt, with a 74x86.6 mm bore and stroke for a total capacity of undefined cc. The compression ratio is 12.5:1 and the engine can run on regular unleaded grade gasoline. Maximum engine speed is 6000 rpm.

LFV
The LFV is a direct-injection cast aluminum DOHC 1.5 L turbocharged SGE variant, with a 74x86.6 mm bore and stroke for a total capacity of 1490 cc. Compression ratio is 10.0:1 and the engine can run on regular unleaded grade gasoline. Maximum engine speed is 6500 rpm. Automatic Start-Stop is available with this engine. Assembly is in Shanghai (China), Changwon (South Korea), Toluca (Mexico), Spring Hill (Tennessee) and Flint (Michigan).

LYX
The LYX is a direct-injection cast aluminum DOHC 1.5 L turbocharged SGE variant, with a 74x86.6 mm bore and stroke for a total capacity of 1490 cc. Compression ratio is 10.0:1 and uses regular unleaded gasoline.

LSD
The LSD is a direct-injection cast aluminum DOHC 1.5 L turbocharged SGE variant, with a 74x86.6 mm bore and stroke for a total capacity of 1490 cc. Compression ratio is 10.0:1 and uses regular unleaded gasoline. This variant has a higher pressure fuel system than the LYX, increasing to 35 MPa from 20 MPa.