GRE Physics Test

The GRE physics test is an examination administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). The test attempts to determine the extent of the examinees' understanding of fundamental principles of physics and their ability to apply them to problem solving. Many graduate schools require applicants to take the exam and base admission decisions in part on the results.

The scope of the test is largely that of the first three years of a standard United States undergraduate physics curriculum, since many students who plan to continue to graduate school apply during the first half of the fourth year. It consists of 70 five-option multiple-choice questions covering subject areas including classical mechanics, electromagnetism, wave phenomena and optics, thermal physics, relativity, atomic and nuclear physics, quantum mechanics, laboratory techniques, and mathematical methods. The table below indicates the relative weights, as asserted by ETS, and detailed contents of the major topics.

1. Classical mechanics (20%)

 * kinematics
 * Newton's laws of motion
 * work and energy
 * rotational motion about a fixed axis
 * dynamics of systems of particles
 * central forces and celestial mechanics
 * three-dimensional particle dynamics
 * Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism
 * noninertial reference frames
 * elementary topics in fluid mechanics

2. Electromagnetism (18%)

 * electrostatics
 * currents and DC circuits
 * magnetic fields in free space
 * Lorentz force
 * Induction
 * Maxwell's equations and their applications
 * electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic radiation)
 * AC circuits
 * magnetic and electric fields in matter

3. Optics and wave phenomena (9%)

 * wave properties
 * superposition
 * interference
 * diffraction
 * geometrical optics
 * light polarization
 * Doppler effect

4. Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics (10%)

 * laws of thermodynamics
 * thermodynamic processes
 * equations of state
 * ideal gases
 * Kinetic theory of gases
 * ensembles
 * statistical concepts and calculation of thermodynamic quantities
 * thermal expansion and heat transfer

5. Quantum mechanics (12%)

 * fundamental concepts
 * solutions of the Schrödinger wave equation
 * square wells (Particle in a box)
 * harmonic oscillators
 * hydrogenic atoms
 * spin
 * angular momentum
 * wave function symmetry
 * elementary perturbation theory

6. Atomic physics (10%)

 * properties of electrons
 * Bohr model
 * energy quantization
 * atomic structure
 * atomic spectra
 * selection rules
 * black-body radiation
 * x-rays
 * atoms in electric and magnetic fields

7. Special relativity (6%)

 * introductory concepts of special relativity
 * time dilation
 * length contraction
 * simultaneity
 * energy and momentum
 * four-vectors and Lorentz transformation

8. Laboratory methods (6%)

 * data and error analysis
 * electronics
 * instrumentation
 * radiation detection
 * counting statistics
 * interaction of charged particles with matter
 * laser and optical interferometers
 * dimensional analysis
 * fundamental applications of probability and statistics

9. Specialized topics (9%)

 * particle and nuclear physics
 * nuclear properties
 * radioactive decay
 * fission and fusion
 * reactions
 * fundamental properties of elementary particles
 * condensed matter
 * crystal structure
 * x-ray diffraction
 * thermal properties
 * electron theory of metals
 * semiconductors
 * superconductors
 * mathematical methods
 * single and multivariate calculus
 * coordinate systems (rectangular, cylindrical, spherical)
 * vector algebra and vector differential operators
 * Fourier series
 * partial differential equations
 * boundary value problems
 * matrices and determinants
 * functions of complex variables
 * miscellaneous
 * astrophysics
 * computer applications