Gamal Hamdan

Gamal Hamdan (جمال حمدان)[English translation: Jamāl Ḥamdān](February 2, 1928 – April 17, 1993) was an Egyptian scholar and geographer best known for publishing a trilogy on Egypt's natural, economic, political and cultural character, and its position in the world: The Personality of Egypt, Studies of the Arab World, and The Contemporary Islamic World Geography.

Birth
Hamdan was born in the Qalyubia Governorate on 4 February, 1928. His father, an Arabic language teacher, had been discharged from Al Azhar University on charges of participating in demonstrations in the Egyptian Revolution of 1919.

Education
Hamdan was enrolled in primary school at the age of eight. He then moved to Tawfiqiyya secondary school, a school known nationally for its high standards in education and sports facilities, where he discovered his love and innate talent for geography.

Having completed his secondary education in 1944 with distinction, he joined the Department of Geography at the Cairo University.

At the age of twenty, he obtained his Baccalaureate of Arts with Distinction and soon after was appointed a staff member at the Faculty of Arts. He was granted a scholarship at the University of Reading, UK, to obtain his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees. There, he became a student of the eminent English geographer, professor Austen Miller

Major viewpoints and thoughts
Hamdan’s intellectual and geographical achievements constituted the most important accomplishment of the Egyptian geographical school, that stresses Egypt’s uniqueness and singularity in terms of time and place, of geography and history. In his works, he adopted a multi-disciplinary approach, encompassing geography, history, sociology, politics, and culture.

Hamdan’s writings manifest a unique wealth of knowledge, an immense power of meditation and observation, and a distinct, devoted love of Egypt. His was the connoisseur’s love of the components of a unique gem. According to the English language publication Egypt Today, Hamdan could delineate and interpret the Egyptian personality as influenced by location and geographical considerations, by utilizing exceptional resources.

Major works
Hamdan wrote in Arabic and English, including 59 books and many articles published in newspapers, magazines and other publications. The outlook of his writings are futuristic in nature, encompassing predictions on several major events considered by Hamdan to be either compatible or incompatible with geographical facts. One of these predictions was the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

Hamdan's encyclopedic work, The Personality of Egypt, took ten years to complete using 245 Arabic language and 691 foreign language reference books. The book expounds on the constituent factors making up the Egyptian personality since the early days of the Pharaohs. Hamden considers Egypt to be the central chapter of the geography book, which turned into the opening chapter of the history book, maintaining a coherent civilization across history. Egypt, to Hamdan, was a unique, unrepetitive geographical anomaly. Apart from the “Description of Egypt”, which appeared in print during the French Expedition to Egypt, The Personality of Egypt is considered an unprecedented scientific masterpiece on Egypt.

Main prizes and merit awards
Dr. Gamal Hamdan was awarded several scientific prizes and merit awards including:


 * State Incentive Prize for Arts and Letters, 1959.
 * State Merit Prize for Social Science, 1986.
 * Scientific Criticism Award, by the State of Kuwait, 1986.
 * Order of Merit of the First Class for Science and Arts, 1988.

In line with his dedication to science and his ascetic attitude to formalities, he refused to break his self-imposed solitude. Apart from the first prize awarded to him in 1959, he refused to receive any of the other prizes.

Hamdan died on April 17, 1993. His works had a far-reaching impact on the entire field of social sciences that was almost tantamount to a revolution in geography. His unique literary style turned the science of geography into a universal, encyclopedic social science. Taking geography as an access road to other branches, he used this multi-disciplinary approach to study Egypt’s location, history, culture, and future.

In Arabic

 * Studies on the Arab World, Cairo, 1958.
 * Patterns of Environments, Cairo, 1958.
 * Study on Urban Geography, Cairo 1958.
 * The Arab City, Cairo 1964.
 * Arabs'Oil, Cairo, 1964.
 * Colonisation and Liberation in the Arab World, Cairo, 1964.
 * Anthropology of Jews, Dar el-Helal Publications, Cairo, 1967.
 * Egypt's Identity, Dar el-Helal Publications, Cairo, 1967.
 * The Strategy of Colonisation and Liberation, Cairo, 1978.
 * Introduction to "Cairo" by Desmond Stewart, translated by Yehya Haqqi, 1969.
 * The Contemporary Islamic World, Cairo, 1971.
 * Between Europe and Aisa, A Study in the Geographic Counterparts, Cairo, 1972.
 * The Arab Republic of Libya, A Study in Geopolitics, Cairo 1973.
 * 6 October War in the International Strategy, Cairo, 1974.
 * The Suez Canal, Cairo, 1975.
 * New Africa, Cairo, 1975.
 * Egypt's Identity, A Study in the Genius of the Place, four volumes, Cairo, 1975-84.

In English

 * Population of the Nile Mid-Delta, Past and Present, Reading University, June 1953, 2 volumes.
 * Khartoum : Study of a City, Geog. Review, 1956.
 * Studies in Egyptian Urbanism, Cairo, 1960.
 * Evolution of Irrigation and Agriculture in Egypt. A History of Land Use in Arid Regions, Ed. L.
 * Dubley Stamp UNESCO, Paris, 1961.
 * Egypt : the Land and the People, A Guide Book to Geology, 1962.
 * Pattern of Medieval Urbanism in Arab World, Geog. Review, April 1962.
 * A Political Map of the New Africa, Geog. Review October 1963.
 * The Four Dimensions of Egypt.