Geography of Equatorial Guinea

The Republic of Equatorial Guinea is located in west central Africa. Bioko Island lies about 40 km from Cameroon. Annobón Island lies about 595 km southwest of Bioko Island. The larger continental region of Río Muni lies between Cameroon and Gabon on the mainland; it includes the islands of Corisco, Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico, and adjacent islets. The total land area is 28,051 km2. It has an Exclusive Economic Zone of 303,509 km2.

Bioko Island, called Fernando Po until the 1970s, is the largest island in the Gulf of Guinea — 2017 km2. It is shaped like a boot, with two large volcanic formations separated by a valley that bisects the island at its narrowest point. The 195 km coastline is steep and rugged in the south but lower and more accessible in the north, with excellent harbors at Malabo and Luba, and several scenic beaches between those towns.

On the continent, Río Muni covers 26003 km2. The coastal plain gives way to a succession of valleys separated by low hills and spurs of the Crystal Mountains. The Rio Benito (Mbini) which divides Río Muni in half, is unnavigable except for a 20-kilometer stretch at its estuary. Temperatures and humidity in Río Muni are generally lower than on Bioko Island.

Annobon Island, named for its discovery on New Year's Day 1472, is a small volcanic island covering 18 km2. The coastline is abrupt except in the north; the principal volcanic cone contains a small lake. Most of the estimated 1,900 inhabitants are fisherman specializing in traditional, smallscale tuna fishing and whaling. The climate is tropical—heavy rainfall, high humidity, and frequent seasonal changes with violent windstorms.

Location: Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon.

Area and boundaries

 * Area:
 * Total: 28,051 km²
 * country rank in the world: 141st
 * Land: 28,051 km²
 * Water: negligible km²

Equatorial Guinea's land boundaries total 539 km. It borders Cameroon (189 km) in the north and Gabon (350 km) in the east and south.


 * Area comparative
 * Australia comparative: approximately $3⁄7$ the size of Tasmania
 * Canada comparative: approximately $1⁄2$ the size of Nova Scotia
 * United Kingdom comparative: approximately $1⁄3$ larger than Wales
 * United States comparative: slightly larger than Massachusetts
 * EU comparative: slightly smaller than Belgium

Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nmi

Exclusive economic zone: 303,509 km2 with 200 nmi

Terrain


Coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic.

Total renewable water resources: 26 km3 (2011)

Natural hazards: violent windstorms, flash floods

Environment — current issues: tap water is not potable; deforestation

Environment — international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

Geography note: insular and continental regions rather widely separated

Climate


The climate of both the continental region and the islands is typically equatorial, with high temperatures, heavy rainfall, and much cloud cover most of the year. Local variations are due to differences in altitude and proximity to the sea. The wet seasons in the continental region are from February to June and from September to December. Rainfall is higher on the coast than inland. In Bata the rainiest months are September, October, and November, with rainfall averaging more than 94 in a year. At Calatrava, farther south on the coast, it sometimes reaches 180 in. Inland, however, rainfall diminishes; Mikomeseng, for example, receives only about 58 in. The average annual temperature is about 79 F and is fairly constant throughout the year. The temperature maxima are somewhat lower than in Bioko. The relative humidity, however, is higher than in Bioko. Bioko has a rather debilitating climate. The so-called dry season lasts from November to March, and the rest of the year is rainy. The average annual temperature of about 77 F varies little throughout the year. Afternoon temperatures reach the high 80s °F (low 30s °C) and drop to only about 70 F at night. Most of the time the sky is cloudy and overcast. Extreme rainfall occurs in the south, with rain brought by monsoon winds amounting to about 450 in a year around San Antonio de Ureca.

Extreme points
This is a list of the extreme points of Equatorial Guinea, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.


 * Northernmost point — Punta Europa, Bioko Island
 * Easternmost point — the entire length of the eastern border with Gabon, which runs in a straight line
 * Southernmost point — A Dyibó, Annobón Island
 * Westernmost point — Punta Dyiscoj, Annobón Island