Glenoe dialect

The Glenoe dialect is an Ulster Scots dialect spoken in the Glenoe district in East Antrim, Northern Ireland.

Consonants

 * are realized as interdental before  and, as in try  'try', cooter  'coulter' and bederel  'bed-ridden invalid'. Before ,  also becomes interdental , as in helter  'halter'. As these allophones are fully predictable, the diacritic is omitted elsewhere in the article.
 * in word-medial and word-final positions, may be pronounced with a simultaneous glottal stop among speakers.
 * are phonetically alveolo-palatal sibilants articulated with spread lips.
 * has two allophones:
 * Normally, it is a voiceless post-velar fricative with a simultaneous voiceless uvular trill (hereafter written with a plain ⟨x⟩), much like Northern Dutch ⟨g⟩ in the word geel  'yellow'.
 * After front vowels (such as ), it is realized as a voiceless post-palatal fricative (hereafter represented without the diacritic), similar to the German Ich-Laut, but slightly more back. This consonant also occurs as an allophone of the initial sequence, so that huge  'huge' may be pronounced.
 * is normally an approximant . After, it is realized as a tap . This is also the case in the sequence (where  stands for any of ), as in footery  'clumsy'. In initial clusters after consonants other than , Gregg describes a realization intermediate between an approximant  and a tap , i.e. a brief non-sibilant fricative  (as in brush  'brush'). Elsewhere in the article, this allophone is written with a plain ⟨ɾ⟩.
 * is clear . The velarized found in many English dialects does not exist in Glenoe.

Vowels



 * Vowel length is governed by the Scottish vowel length rule and is therefore non-phonemic. and the unstressed-only  are always short, whereas  are normally long but can be shortened due to the SVLR. Conversely, both  and  are normally short, but can be lengthened due to the SVLR.
 * are slightly lower than the corresponding cardinal vowels, but the difference is not very big.
 * , a phonologically central vowel, is further front and more open than cardinal : . Before, it is lengthened and slightly lowered to (transcribed with ⟨ɨː⟩ in this article).
 * , a phonologically central vowel, is further front than cardinal but not quite as front as the German  and . The long allophone is almost fully close, but the short allophone is somewhat lower: . Before , a long open  is found to the exclusion of . For simplicity, both long allophones are written with ⟨ʉː⟩ in this article, whereas the short allophone is written with ⟨ʉ⟩.
 * is more strongly rounded and closer than the cardinal : . It is similar in quality to Swedish and Norwegian.
 * In certain fused verb forms, is realized as . An example of that is hae tae  'have to' (cf. hae  'have'). It also occurs as an allophone of  in unstressed syllables (in e.g. Pawlish  'Polish'). Its phonetic quality is similar to that of  but more front. It is close to the  vowel  in RP.
 * is close-mid.
 * are near-back.
 * is near-open near-front . It corresponds to English, which in most English dialects is much closer . However, a similar sound of an quality is used by some speakers of Ulster English.
 * is near-back:, much like RP.