Glomeruloid hemangioma

Glomeruloid hemangioma is a distinctive vascular tumor first described in 1990 when found to be associated with POEMS syndrome and Castleman disease. Glomeruloid hemangiomas can manifest as wine-red sessile or pedunculated papules, papulonodules, subcutaneous bluish compressible tumors, or small, firm, reddish-violaceous, dome-shaped papules.

Signs and symptoms
Glomeruloid hemangiomas can manifest as wine-red sessile or pedunculated papules, papulonodules, subcutaneous bluish compressible tumors, or small, firm, reddish-violaceous, dome-shaped papules. They mostly reside on the trunk and proximal limbs and range in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters in diameter. There have also been rare reports of glomeruloid hemangioma impacting the face. There have also been reports of eruptive angiomatous lesions, which resemble eruptive histiocytomas.

Causes
Glomeruloid hemangiomas are most commonly associated with POEMS syndrome, occurring in up to 45% of individuals with POEMS syndrome. Glomeruloid hemangiomas have also been associated with TAFRO syndrome. Rarely glomeruloid hemangiomas can occur in individuals with no systematic conditions.

Diagnosis
The histopathologic examination displays well-defined, dispersed dermal structures in different sizes that have resemblance to renal glomeruli. The central vessel is bigger and has a sinusoidal appearance, and it is surrounded by a network of small capillary vessels on the periphery.