Gozan no Okuribi

Gozan no Okuribi (五山送り火), more commonly known as Daimonji (大文字), is a festival in Kyoto, Japan. It is the culmination of the Obon festival on August 16, in which five giant bonfires are lit on mountains surrounding the city. It signifies the moment when the spirits of deceased family members, who are said to visit this world during Obon, are believed to be returning to the spirit world—thus the name roughly "send-off fire" (送り火).

History
The origins of the festival are obscure, but it is believed to be ancient. Specific families have the hereditary duty of organizing all the logistics of the bonfires, and they spend many hours annually providing volunteer labor to maintain this tradition.

Schedule
Starting at 8 pm, the giant bonfires are lit, each with a distinctive shape. Three of the fires form giant kanji characters, and two form familiar shapes. The characters, their locations, meanings, and the lighting times are:


 * Daimonji (大文字), the character meaning "large" or "great", is lit on Daimonji-Yama/Higashi-Yama, Nyoigatake at 8 pm;
 * Myō/Hō (妙・法), the characters meaning "wondrous dharma" (referring to Buddhist teachings), are lit on Matsugasaki, Nishi-Yama/Higashi-Yama at 8:10 pm;
 * Funagata (舟形), the shape of a boat, is lit on Nishigamo, Funa-Yama at 8:15 pm;
 * Hidari Daimonji (左大文字), again, the character meaning "large", is lit on Daihoku-San, Hidaridaimonji-San at 8:15 pm;
 * Toriigata (鳥居形), the shape of a shrine gate, is lit on Toriimoto, Mandara-San at 8:20 pm.

The most famous—and the first to be lit—is the character dai (大), on Kyoto's Daimonji-yama (大文字山). The other four fires are lit at five to ten-minute intervals, and by 8:30, all the characters can be seen. Each bonfire lasts for 30 minutes.



The 2020 event was significantly scaled back, due to COVID-19, with only six points of lit and one point lit at each of the other four locations.

Viewing spots
The best place to view the festival is from the Nakagyō Ward, in the center of the city. Many hotels have specials where, for a fee, one can see all five fires. Many people also like to go to the Kamo River, between Sanjo and Imadegawa Streets, for an excellent view of the initial fires. More specifically, the following spots are mentioned as good viewing spots:

Latitude and longitude

 * Daimonji: 35.02306°N, 135.80389°W
 * Myō: 35.05583°N, 135.77556°W
 * Hō: 35.05472°N, 135.78611°W
 * Funagata: 35.06639°N, 135.73417°W
 * Hidari Daimonji: 35.04319°N, 135.73139°W
 * Toriigata: 35.02778°N, 135.66806°W