Grand Central Madison

Grand Central Madison is a commuter rail terminal for the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) in the Midtown East neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Part of the East Side Access project, the new terminal started construction in 2008 and opened on January 25, 2023. The station sits beneath Grand Central Terminal, which serves the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)'s Metro-North Railroad.

Grand Central Madison was built to reduce travel times to and from Manhattan's East Side and to ease congestion at Penn Station, the West Side station where all Manhattan-bound LIRR trains had terminated since 1910. The new terminal enables passengers to transfer to Metro-North's Harlem, Hudson, and New Haven Lines, as well as the New York City Subway at Grand Central–42nd Street station.

Services
The station serves the Long Island Rail Road's Main Line, which connects to all passenger branches and almost all stations. Service started on January 25, 2023 with a shuttle to Jamaica station. Full service at the station began on February 27, 2023, with trains continuing beyond Jamaica to most branches.

Passengers traveling to and from non-electrified portions of the LIRR system (e.g., the Oyster Bay Branch or the Port Jefferson Branch east of Huntington) must transfer between trains because the bilevel C3 coaches used in non-electrified areas cannot fit through the 63rd Street Tunnel.

Grand Central Madison also provides an alternative route from the east side of Manhattan and from Metro-North lines to John F. Kennedy International Airport, via a connection with the AirTrain JFK people mover at the Jamaica station.

Construction
Formal proposals to bring Long Island Rail Road trains to the east side of Manhattan date to 1963. In 1968, the 63rd Street Tunnel and a LIRR "Metropolitan Transportation Center" at 48th Street and Third Avenue were proposed as part of the Program for Action. After people living near the proposed transportation center objected, the MTA's board of directors voted to route LIRR trains to Grand Central by 1977. However, the LIRR project was postponed indefinitely during the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis.

The East Side Access project was restarted after a study in the 1990s showed that more than half of LIRR riders work closer to Grand Central than to Penn Station. The cost of the project, estimated at $4.4 billion in 2004, jumped to $6.4 billion in 2006 and to $11.1 billion by 2017. In May 2022, the MTA announced that the station would be named Grand Central Madison  because it sits under Grand Central Terminal and the "Madison Avenue corridor".

Opening and early years
The LIRR received operational control of Grand Central Madison on December 9, 2022, upon which the station and tracks became subject to Federal Railroad Administration regulations. The Grand Central Madison station's opening was delayed because of a single ventilation fan that could not exhaust enough air. At the end of December 2022, the MTA postponed the station's opening to January 2023. On January 23, an official opening date of January 25 was announced, paired with the first revenue service that morning. The initial service was a shuttle, known as Grand Central Direct, to and from Jamaica station, with some trains running express and others making intermediate stops at Woodside, Forest Hills, and Kew Gardens. The MTA then announced on February 8 that it would implement full service on February 27.

The Biltmore Connection to Grand Central Terminal's Biltmore Room opened in May 2023. The MTA upgraded cellular service within the Grand Central Madison station and surrounding tunnels in late 2023. Additionally, at the time of the station's opening, the LIRR did not own a "rescue locomotive" that was small enough to tow disabled passenger trains through the 63rd Street Tunnel; its existing locomotives could only fit the larger dimensions of the East River Tunnels. In early 2024, the MTA board voted to buy a battery-powered locomotive that could fit in the tunnel.

Tracks Raw Bar and Grill became the first commercial tenant to sign a lease at Grand Central Madison in March 2024. That April, the MTA issued a formal request for proposals for the station's retail space. The station was to have separate dining and retail areas; the MTA planned to lease out all of the storefronts by 2026.

Station layout
The station has an area of 700,000 sqft, including 120,000 sqft for passengers and 25,000 sqft of retail space. There are 22 elevators and 47 escalators in the station; the escalator count exceeds the number of escalators in the remainder of the LIRR system.

Concourse
The retail and dining concourse, called the Madison Concourse, is accessed from street level or the Metro-North terminal via stairwells and elevators. It is located at the same level of the western part of Metro-North's Lower Level, underneath tracks 38 to 42 of Metro-North's Upper Level, and Vanderbilt Avenue. The concourse contains a ticket office, ticketed waiting area, nursing room, and customer service office under 47th Street. It also has restrooms, ticket machines, and retail spaces throughout the concourse. The only seating in the terminal is within the ticketed waiting area, which contains 29 seats; passengers can be fined $50 if they stay in the waiting area for more than 90 minutes. An MTA spokesperson said the rule was an extension of an existing restriction at Grand Central Terminal and that "a customer should not have to wait more than 90 minutes to catch their train, barring a significant service disruption".

The LIRR terminal has entrances from Grand Central Terminal's Dining Concourse and Biltmore Room. Additionally, the MTA built and opened new entrances to the LIRR station at 45th, 46th, and 48th streets. , the 45th Street entrance alone was projected to serve 10,000 passengers per day.

Mezzanine
A mezzanine sits on a center level between the LIRR's two track levels. It is more than 140 ft deep below Park Avenue, and is connected to the Concourse via four banks of escalators up to 180 ft long and descend more than 90 ft under 45th, 46th, 47th, and 48th Streets, in which one of its largest has more than five escalators. One of these escalators is also the longest escalator in the city. The escalators and elevators are among the few which are privately operated in the entire MTA system. Additionally, the tiling around the sets of escalators and lights in the mezzanine near each set of escalators exhibits a degree of color coordination, with the set under 45th Street’s lighting and tiling in shades of light green, 46th Street’s in shades of blue, 47th Street’s in shades of purple and 48th Street’s in shades of cyan.

Platforms and tracks
LIRR trains arrive and depart from the twin station caverns and through a tunnel located 140 ft below Park Avenue and more than 90 ft below the Metro-North tracks.

The LIRR terminal contains four platforms and eight tracks (numbered 201–204 and 301–304) in two bi-level caverns. There are four tracks and two platforms in each of the two caverns, with each cavern containing two tracks on one island platform per level.

Exits
The MTA originally planned to build and open entrances at 44th, 45th, 47th, and 48th Streets. The station connects to existing entrances at Grand Central North. The new LIRR station also contains entrances at 335 Madison Avenue, near the southeast corner with 44th Street; at 270 Park Avenue and 280 Park Avenue near 47th and 48th–49th Streets, respectively; and at 347 Madison Avenue, on the east side of the avenue at 45th Street. An entrance on 46th Street between Lexington and Park Avenue was also built, connecting with Grand Central North. However, the MTA later announced its intent to defer construction of an entrance at 48th Street because the owner of 415 Madison Avenue wanted to undertake a major construction project on the site. The MTA also connected the new station to the existing 47th Street cross-passage.

Art
Like the art in the original Grand Central Terminal, the new station includes permanent site-specific works of art. Among them are five large glass mosaics on natural themes by Kiki Smith. The Madison Concourse level contains River Light, an 80 ft abstract, largely blue-and-white depiction of sunshine on the East River. The other four, one level down in the LIRR mezzanine, are: The Presence, a landscape with a deer; The Sound, a seascape with a gull; The Spring, featuring four turkeys; and The Water's Way, a beach scene. "I wanted places for people to say, 'Meet you by the deer'," Smith told the New York Times.

The Madison Concourse level also holds an even larger 120 ft mosaic by Yayoi Kusama: "A Message of Love, Directly from My Heart unto the Universe".