Greenbone

Odax pullus, known by the names greenbone, butterfish or its Māori language name rarī, is a species of ray-finned fish, a weed whiting from the family Odacidae, which is found around New Zealand. It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries.

Description


Greenbone fish are protogynous hermaphrodites, beginning life as female and a proportion becoming male later in life. Young fish begin life with a golden-yellow colour, developing into a dark green-blue as the fish become juveniles. Adult fish are typically brown-yellow in colour. This species reaches a length of 40 cm SL and has been recorded as reaching 1.5 kg. Once the fish reach a length of 40 cm, approximately half of the fish develop into males, who have a bright-blue colour.

Range and habitat
Odax pullus is common in New Zealand coastal waters, particularly around the South Island. Its range includes the Chatham Islands, Antipodes Islands and Bounty Islands but it is not present around the Three Kings Islands, where it is replaced by the endemic bluefinned butterfish O. cyanoallix.

It inhabits shallow, rocky areas with brown algae growth, mainly Carpophyllum.

Diet
Greenbones are primarily herbivorous, feeding mostly on brown seaweeds.

In a human context
Rarī is a traditional Māori food-source, and developed a folk reputation for being troublemakers. The name rarī over time became used to describe people who were troublemakers as well. The fish was more commonly eaten in southern New Zealand, and typically caught using large pole nets which used kelp as a camouflage.

Early European settlers similarly had a poor reputation for the fish, until a public health campaign in the 1920s by the Department of Health, who encouraged people to eat the fish due to its high levels of iodine.