HC85 series

The HC85 series (HC85系) is a diesel-electric multiple unit (DEMU) train type built by Nippon Sharyo for use on limited express services operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central). Intended to replace the KiHa 85 series, a prototype trainset was completed in late 2019, with a full-production fleet first materializing in 2022. The fleet was first introduced into service on 1 July 2022 on the Takayama Main Line.

Design
The first set was manufactured by Nippon Sharyo at its Toyokawa facility. JR Central calls it a "hybrid car", due to the train having electric motors and battery packs, in addition to power supplied by an onboard diesel generator. This hybrid-diesel power system generates battery power from braking. The energy stored in batteries is then used to assist the diesel motor when accelerating. Total emissions emitted by the train is reduced compared to its predecessor powered only by diesel.

Formation
The sets are formed as follows.

Interior
Seating across all cars consists primarily of 2+2 abreast seating. Also included are power outlets for all seats, free Wi-Fi, and universal-access toilets. The standard-class interior's seats use a seat moquette of a red–orange gradient, inspired by the autumn leaves alongside the line. Wheelchair spaces are also provided.

Green cars, which are only available on some four-car sets, incorporate a theme of calmness and quality. The seats use seat moquette with a blue–green gradient, inspired by the greenery alongside the railway line, as well as the river and the sky at dusk.

History
The first set was unveiled in December 2019. The set has since been deployed on test runs.

Mass production commenced during fiscal 2022, with test runs for the first two production sets, D2 and D3, commencing on 21 April 2022. A total of 64 vehicles are to be built by fiscal 2023, and the prototype set is due to be upgraded to mass-production standards.

The fleet entered service on 1 July 2022, operating on Hida limited-express services on the Takayama Main Line between Nagoya and Takayama. From 18 March 2023, all Hida services used HC85 series trainsets. JR Central introduced the fleet on Nanki limited-express services on the Kisei Main Line from 1 July 2023.

The HC85 series received the 2023 Blue Ribbon Award, presented annually by the Japan Railfan Club.