HMS Agamemnon (1852)

HMS Agamemnon was a Royal Navy 91-gun battleship ordered by the Admiralty in 1849, in response to the perceived threat from France by their possession of ships of the Napoléon class.

Characteristics
She was the first British battleship to be designed and built with installed steam power, although, due to the inefficiency of steam engines of the period, it was expected that she would spend much of her time travelling under sail power. She therefore carried a full square rig on three masts, in common with large sailing warships of the period. She was named after Agamemnon, the King of Mycenae, who led the Greek forces in the Trojan War.

She carried an armament of muzzle loading smooth-bore cannon, typical of warships at this time, on two decks. She was completed in 1852. She was not the first British battleship to be completed with steam power; HMS Sans Pareil (1851), a pre-existing square-rigged second-rate, was converted to ancillary steam power (retaining her rig) and completed in 1851.

Service
Agamemnon was attached to the Mediterranean Fleet and served in the Crimean War as flagship of Rear-Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons. She participated in the bombardment of Sevastopol on 17 October 1854. During the Great Storm of 1854, she was driven ashore on the Russian coast of the Black Sea. Agamemnon participated in the shelling of Fort Kinburn, at the mouth of the Dnieper river in 1855.

In 1857, the government fitted out Agamemnon to carry 1,250 tons of telegraphic cable for the Atlantic Telegraph Company's first attempt to lay a transatlantic telegraph cable. Although this initial cable attempt was unsuccessful, the project was resumed the following year and Agamemnon and her U.S. counterpart, USS Niagara (1855), successfully joined the ends of their two sections of cable in the middle of the Atlantic on 29 July 1858.