HMS Nizam (1916)

HMS Nizam was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer that served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on those of the preceding L-class destroyer, capable of higher speed. Nizam had a largely uneventful war. Joining the Fourteenth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet in 1916, the vessel was soon involved in an exercise that involved most of the dreadnoughts of the First and Third Battle Squadrons but did not take part in any fleet actions. In 1917, the destroyer was a participant in anti-ship and anti-submarine patrols, but these were unsuccessful and the ship did not engage any enemy warships. After the Armistice that ended the war, Nizam was initially put in reserve and then sold in 1921 to be broken up.

Design and development
Nizam was one of 22 Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in late November 1914 as part of the Third War Programme soon after the start of the First World War. The M class was an improved version of the earlier L-class destroyer (1913), required to reach a higher speed in order to counter rumoured new German fast destroyers. The remit was to have a maximum speed of 36 kn and, although ultimately the destroyers fell short of that ambition in service, the extra performance that was achieved was valued by the navy. It transpired that the German warships did not exist. The Repeat M class differed from the prewar vessels in having a raked stem and design improvements based on wartime experience.

The destroyer had a length of 265 ft between perpendiculars and 273 ft overall, with a beam of 26 ft and draught of 8 ft. Displacement was 948 LT normal. Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding Brown-Curtiss steam turbines rated at 27800 shp. The turbines drove three shafts and exhausted through three funnels. Design speed was 34 kn, which the vessel exceeded on trials. A total of 228 LT of oil was carried to give a design range of 2530 nmi at 15 kn.

Nizam had a main armament consisting of three single QF 4 in Mk IV guns on the centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the middle and aft funnels. Torpedo armament consisted of two twin torpedo tubes for 21 in torpedoes located aft of the funnels. Two single 1-pounder 37 mm "pom-pom" anti-aircraft guns were carried. The anti-aircraft guns were later replaced by 2-pdr 40 mm "pom-pom" guns and the destroyer was also fitted with racks and storage for depth charges. The ship had a complement of 80 officers and ratings.

Construction and career
Nizam was laid down by Stephens on 11 February 1915 at Linthouse and launched on 7 February the following year. The yard launched another M-class destroyer, HMS Nonpareil (1916), on the same day and Nizam was completed by Beardmore on 29 June. The vessel was the first of the name in service with the Royal Navy and was deployed as part of the Grand Fleet, joining the Fourteenth Destroyer Flotilla based at Scapa Flow. On 4 July, the new flotilla was sent from Scapa Flow to the Humber. On 22 November, the flotilla took part in exercises north of the Shetland Islands under the dreadnought HMS Iron Duke (1912) that also involved the majority of the First and Third Battle Squadrons.

During 1917, the Fourteenth Destroyer Flotilla was involved in anti-submarine operations, and for nine days from 15 June the destroyer was stationed off the Shetland Islands. The operation did not lead to the destruction of any submarines and the Admiralty increasingly redeployed the destroyers of the Grand Fleet to escorting convoys. Nonetheless, on 15 October, Nizam formed part of a large-scale operation, involving 30 cruisers and 54 destroyers deployed in eight groups across the North Sea in an attempt to stop a suspected sortie by German naval forces. Despite these measures, the German light cruisers SMS Bremse and SMS Brummer managed to attack the regular convoy between Norway and Britain two days later, sinking two destroyers, HMS Mary Rose (1915) and HMS Strongbow (1916), and nine merchant ships before returning safely to Germany.

After the Armistice that ended the war in 1918, the destroyer was transferred to the Local Defence Flotilla at Nore. However, that deployment did not last long. The harsh conditions of wartime operations, exacerbated by the fact that the hull was not galvanised, meant that the ship was soon worn out. In addition, the Royal Navy needed to return to a peacetime level of strength and both the number of ships and the amount of personnel to be reduced to save money. Nizam was retired, and, on 9 May 1921, was sold to Ward to be broken up at Rainham.