Hadhabani (tribe)

Hadhabani or Hadhbāni, Hadhbānī, Hadhbâniyya (also: Hadhbani) (ھەزەبانی, هۆزبان, Hecbanî) was a large medieval and most powerful Sunni Muslim Kurdish tribe divided into several groups, centered at Arbil, Oshnavieh and Urmia. Their dominion included the regions of Maragha and Urmia to the east, Arbil, Sinjar, and parts of Jazira to the south and west, and Barkari, Hakkari and Salmas to the north, as Erbil being one of their capital, ruling between the year 906 to 1131/1144.

Etymology
According to vladimir Minorsky, The name of the Tribe is derived from geographical term for the region of Irbil, which is preserved in the name of the Nestorian diocese, Adiabene (HaSayyap). the name is most likely a combination of hoz ("tribe") and bān ("leader"or" chief"), in Kurdish, which means "tribal leader".

History
In 906 AD, Muhammad ibn Bilal Al-hadhbani, laid waste to the Mosul countryside. the Hamdanid ruler, Abu'l-Hayja Abdallah ibn Hamdan, perused him but suffered a defeat. The Abbasid caliph of Baghdad sent reinforcement and Abu'l-Hayja continued his perusing Muhammad ibn Bilal along with 5,000 Hadhbani Kurdish families. A peace was made and the Muhammad ibn Bilal had to surrender all their territories in northern Mosul to Daseni and Humaydi Tribe.

According to Ibn Hawqal the region of Jazira was the Summer pasture of Hadhabani Kurds, The presence of Hadhabani in the 10th century is attested from Dvîn in Armenia, passing through the banks of the Caspian to Al-Jazirah.

In 1041AD, after the defeat of the invading Ghuz turks and subsequent massacre in Urmia by Rawadids and Hadhbani Kurds. They fled to Hakkari where they ravaged it. they were eventually defeated by the Kurds and 1500 Ghuz tribesmen were killed and the survivors were enslaved by the Kurds.

Hadhabani Dynasty and branches
The Mihranis were a branch of the Hadhbani tribe, resided near Mosul and Erbil. They made the infamous Kurdish corps Mihraniyya of the Ayyubid Army.

the Zarzari tribe, may have been a branch of Hadhabani tribe that inhabited ushnu and Rawanduz. while some Zarzaris resided in Sinjar.

Shaddadids, Ayyubids and probably Rawadids were descendant of one of the Hadhabani branches.

Rulers

 * Muhammad son of Bilal, around 906 came in conflicts with Abbasids, eventually retired to Azarbaijan.
 * Jafar son of Shakkoya around 943, Salmas,
 * Mir Abu Hija Musk son of Chako
 * Abu Hidja son of Rabib al Dawla c. 1040 Urmia,
 * Mir Sharraf al-Din Isa son of Musk c. 1045
 * Mir Salar son of Musa c. 1046
 * Mir Abul Hasan Ali son of Musk c. 1046–48
 * Mir Abu Ali al al-Hasan son of Musk 1048–63
 * Mir Abu Hija II, Husain son of Abi Ali Al-Hasan 1063-1080