Hamengkubuwono II

Hamengkubuwono II (also spelled Hamengkubuwana II, 7 March 1750 – 3 January 1828), born Raden Mas Sundoro, was the second sultan of Yogyakarta 1792–1810, 1811–12 and finally 1826–28 during the Java War.

He succeeded his father, Hamengkubuwono I who died in 1792. After Daendels pressured him, in December 1810, he was forced to abdicate in favour of his son, Raden Mas Surojo who was made the new sultan, under the name Hamengkubuwono III. However, nearly one year later, in 1811, the English under Stamford Raffles restored him to the throne. However, due to his aggressive behaviour towards the English, six months later in June 1812, he was deposed and exiled to Penang. He returned to Java in 1815, but in 1817, deeming him as a threat, he was exiled for the second time by the Dutch, this time to Ambon.

In 1826, the Dutch decided to return him from exile and restored him as the sultan. His third reign coincided with the Java War. On 3 January 1828, he died. He was succeeded by his great-grandson, Hamengkubuwono V. He was buried in Kotagede instead of the royal graveyard of Imogiri, due to the turbulence at the time.

Queen Consorts

 * 1) Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kedhaton daughter of Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Purwadiningrat of Magetan.
 * 2) Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas daughter of Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Pakuningrat and Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Alit. She was a granddaughter of Pakubuwana II by maternal side.
 * 3) Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana Wulan daughter of Ki Bener.
 * 4) Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Sultan daughter of Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Resagata of Sukawati.

Notable Children
son of GKR Hemas. Great-great-grandfather of Sukarno.
 * 1) Gusti Raden Mas Suraja son of GKR. Kedhaton, then Hamengkubuwana III.
 * 2) Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Mangkudiningrat
 * 1) Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hangger daughter of GKR. Kedhaton. Married to Danureja II, Patih Yogyakarta.
 * 2) Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Maduratna daughter of GKR. Kedhaton. Married to Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Rangga Prawiradirja III of Magetan.
 * 3) Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hayu daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Paku Alam II of Yogyakarta.
 * 4) Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Anom daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Purwanegara.
 * 5) Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Sasi daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Danureja III, Patih Yogyakarta.

Notable Descendant

 * 1) Diponegoro son of Gusti Raden Mas Suraja. an Indonesian National Hero who resisted Dutch colonial rule during Java War (1825-1830).
 * 2) Sukarno Great-great-grandson of Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Mangkudiningratson of GKR Hemas. Indonesian Founding Father and  the first president of Indonesia.
 * 3) Freya Jayawardana a member of JKT48. in her 17th Birthday, she received a noble title  "Raden Roro."