Hamilton Mountain (federal electoral district)

Hamilton Mountain is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968. The riding is located in the Hamilton region.

The socio-economic composition of the Hamilton Mountain is diverse, with low-income public housing residents as well as million-dollar homes, highly-paid unionized workers, low-wage unskilled workers, and well-established families and recent immigrants.

That diversity makes Hamilton Mountain a swing riding in which many elections are virtually two-way or three-way ties. For instance, fewer than 100 votes separated the top two places in 1988. Only 3000 votes separated the top three candidates in 2004. From the 1990s to 2006, the races were between the Liberals and the NDP. After the Liberal Party's collapse in the late 2000s, the Conservatives became the main competitors in the riding. With the Liberal resurgence during the 2015 election, the vote difference of the three major parties has narrowed, solidifying the riding's status as a three-way tossup.

Geography
In the 2012 redistribution, Hamilton Mountain lost area to Hamilton West-Ancaster-Dundas and Flamborough—Glanbrook. The riding was redefined to: "that part of the City of Hamilton commencing at the intersection of the Niagara Escarpment with Redhill Creek, west along said creek to Mountain Brow Boulevard, south along said boulevard to Arbour Road, then generally southerly along said road, its intermittent production, Anchor Road and its southerly production to the intersection of Rymal Road East with Glover Road, then westerly along Rymal Road East and West to Garth Street, north along said street to the Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway, east along said parkway to West 5th Street, north along said street to James Mountain Road, then generally northeasterly along said road to the Niagara Escarpment, then east and south along said escarpment to the point of commencement."

History
The riding was created in 1966 from parts of Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Aldershot, Hamilton South, Hamilton West, Stoney Creek, and Wentworth ridings.

The riding's 1966 representation order indicated that Hamilton Mountain would include that part of the City of Hamilton east of a line drawn west along Mud Street, north along Mountain Brow Boulevard, and northwest along the brow of the Mountain and the part of the Township of Glanford in the County of Wentworth lying north of County Suburban Road No. 22.

In 1976, it was redefined to consist of the part of the City of Hamilton lying south of the brow of the Mountain bounded on the east by Red Hill Creek, on the west by the west limit of the city, and on the south by Mohawk Road, Limeridge Road, and Mountain Brow Boulevard.

In 1987, it was redefined to consist of the part of the City of Hamilton lying south of the brow of the Mountain bounded by a line drawn from Mountain Brow Boulevard, west along Limeridge Road to St. Jerome School, west to Garth Street, south along Garth Street, west along the proposed Mountain Freeway.

In 1996, it was redefined to consist of the part of the City of Hamilton south of a line drawn north from the western city limit near Lisajane Court, east along Stone Church Road, north along Garth Street, east along Redhill Creek Expressway, north along West 5th Street, then east along the brow of the Niagara Escarpment to the eastern city limit.

In 2003, the riding was redefined to consist of the part of the City of Hamilton bounded by a line drawn west from the Niagara Escarpment along Red Hill Valley Parkway|Red Hill Creek, south along Mountain Brow Boulevard, Arbour Road and Glover Road, west along the hydroelectric transmission line situated south of Rymal Road East, north along Glancaster Road, east along Garner Road East, north along the hydroelectric transmission line situated west of Upper Paradise Road, east along Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway, north along West 5th Street, northeast along James Mountain Road, and east and south along the Niagara Escarpment to the point of commencement.

In 2012, the riding was redefined:

In 2022, the riding's boundaries were updated again. While remaining similar to the 2012 Representation Order, Hamilton Mountain gained a small section of Flamborough-Glanbrook. The riding's new southern border was extended to the hydroelectric transmission line between Garth Street and Glover Road, effectively reincorporating portions of the riding that were lost in 2012.

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Languages: 69.6% English, 3.0% Arabic, 2.5% Italian, 2.3% Spanish, 2.0% Tagalog, 1.4% Aramaic, 1.3% Portuguese, 1.0% French

Religions: 57.4% Christian (30.5% Catholic, 3.8% Anglican, 3.4% United Church, 2.5% Christian Orthodox, 1.6% Presbyterian, 1.4% Pentecostal, 1.4% Baptist, 12.8% Other), 7.7% Muslim, 1.5% Hindu, 30.9% None

Median income: $39,200 (2020)

Average income: $46,360 (2020)

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.