Haplogroup W

Haplogroup W is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin
Haplogroup W is believed to have originated around 23,900 years ago in Western Asia. It is descended from the haplogroup N2.

Distribution
Haplogroup W is found in Europe, Western Asia, and South Asia. It is widely distributed at low frequencies, with a high concentration in Northern Pakistan. Haplogroup W is also found in the Maghreb among Algerians (1.08%-3.23%) and in Siberia among Yakuts (6/423 = 1.42% ).

Additionally, the clade has been observed among ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Ptolemaic Kingdom.

The W5 subclade has been found in a fossil associated with the Starčevo culture (Lánycsók site; 1/1 or 100%).

Ancient DNA analysis found that the medieval individual Sungir 6 (730-850 cal BP) belonged to the W3a1 subclade.

Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup W subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.


 * W
 * W1 – Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Finland, Spain, Qashqai people of Iran
 * W1a – Finns
 * W1b
 * W1b1 – Finns
 * W1-T119C
 * W1c – Poland, Persians from Iran
 * W1c1
 * W1d - Iraqi Jews
 * W1e
 * W1e1
 * W1e1a
 * W1f – Italy
 * W1g – England, Belgium, Portugal, Gitanos (Roma people of Spain)
 * W1h – Nordic countries, England, Croatia, Ashkenazi Jews
 * W1h1 – Italians
 * W-C194T
 * W3 - Turkey, Azerbaijan, India (Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu )
 * W3a
 * W3a1 – Armenians, Turkey (Turkish, Kurd ), France (Toulouse, Sarthe ), Italy (Tuscany, Sardinia, Sicily, Umbria, Campania, Trentino-Alto Adige ), Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia (Sunghir6 from 750 - 900 ybp Vladimir Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Ingushetia, Volga Tatar, Chechens ), Denmark, Berbers from Morocco, Pakistan (Pashtun, Kho ), India, Singapore, United States
 * W3a1a
 * W3a1a1 – Polish people, Ashkenazi Jews
 * W3a1a2 - Russia (Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Tatar from Buinsk )
 * W3a1a3 - Poland (Podkarpackie ), United States
 * W3a1a+T9090C - Pakistan (Kho )
 * W3a1a+A15325G - Italy (Napoli )
 * W3a1b – Pakistan (Pashtuns, Sindhi, Azad Kashmir ), India (New Delhi, Andhra Pradesh ), Bangladesh (Bengali ), Thailand (Mon, Thai), China (Shanghai ), United States (Hispanic)
 * W3a1-T199C
 * W3a1c - England, United States, Slovakia, Russia (Ryazan Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Bashkortostan ), Kazakhstan, China (Daur )
 * W3a1d – Hungarians, Serbia, Republika Srpska, Latvia, Poland, Ukraine, Russia (Ulyanovsk Oblast, Yakuts  ), New Zealand
 * W3a2 – France (Seine-Maritime ), Poland, India, Uygurs from China
 * W3b – Italy (Calabria ), Albania, Serbia, Romania (Bucharest ), Bulgarians, Turkey, Iraq (Assyrian ), Iran, Armenians, Kurds, Tajiks (especially Wakhis and other Pamiris), Pakistan (Burusho, Kho, Makrani), Cambodia, Uyghurs
 * W3b1 – Austrians, Ashkenazi Jews
 * W4 - Denmark, Poland, Italy (Sardinia, Umbria ), Pakistan (Sindhis ), India (Jammu and Kashmir ), Mongolia, United Kingdom (ancient Orkney )
 * W4a - England (St Mary Spital, pre-Black Death medieval London, ca. 725 years before present ), Ukraine (Russian speaker from Kharkiv Oblast ), India, China (Xinjiang ca. 1412 - 1529 years before present )
 * W4a1 – Finns, Sweden (Dalarna County ), Poland (Mazowieckie ), Turkey, England, United States
 * W4b - Italy, Mongolia
 * W4c - Italy, Poland, India
 * W4d - Albania, Turkey (Kurds ), Iraq (Baghdad ), Iran (Lorestan ), Pakistan (Kho )
 * W5 - Denmark, Poland, Serbia, Algeria (Batna ), Morocco (Berber ), Iran (Persian ), United States
 * W5a - Germany, Denmark
 * W5a1
 * W5a1a – Flemish people, Norway (Rogaland ), Denmark, Italy (Tuscany ), Canary Islands, Brazil, Irish people, Polish people, Russia (Belgorod Oblast ), Canada, United States
 * W5a1a1 - England, Estonia, Russia (Adyghe in Kabardino-Balkaria )
 * W5a1a1a
 * W5a2 - United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia ), Poland
 * W5a2b
 * W5b - Portugal (Azores, Leiria )
 * W5b1 - Denmark
 * W5b1a
 * W6 – Sindhis, Han Chinese from Xi’an city, Italy, Kuwait, Persians from Iran, Russia (North Ossetia, Belgorod Oblast), Kazakhstan, Mongolia
 * W6a
 * W6b
 * W6b1 – Iran, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia
 * W6c – Greece, England, Ireland, Ingushetia
 * W6c1 – Armenians from Turkey
 * W6c1a – Armenians from Turkey, Kurds, Greece
 * W7 – Armenians
 * W8 – Bedouin of Israel, Yemen, Iran
 * W9
 * W9a – Armenians from Turkey

Famous members

 * Biologist Rudolf Raff was a member of haplogroup W.
 * Journalist and investor Laurel Touby is a member of haplogroup W3a.
 * Businesswoman and television host Martha Stewart belongs to haplogroup W6.