Helen Belyea

Helen Reynolds Belyea, (February 11, 1913 – May 20, 1986), was a Canadian geologist best known for her research in Western Canada on the Devonian System, a geologic period of the Paleozoic era.

Personal life
Belyea was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, to a family with French Huguenot origins, the daughter of William Belyea and Elizabeth McDonald.

Belyea was also active in mountaineering, skiing, walking, and horseback riding. She was an equestrian and rode her horse to many of her field excursions. She rode in the mountains of Alberta, British Columbia and the Great Slave Lake area. She was a member of the Calgary Continuing Arts Association, the Women's League of the Calgary Philharmonic and associate director of the Calgary Zoological Society.

Belyea promoted feminism within geology as a result of her presence within the geological world. Societal norms of the 19th century confined women to the role of housewives, however Belyea's notable contributions and efforts enabled her to work in the field alongside men as equals. She became the first woman to work in the field studies, proving to everyone that women are strong enough to carry the heavy samples across coarse terrains. It is important to note that as women got accepted into jobs in the field of geology, they faced significant challenges in securing respectable positions. Notably, these women were expected to remain unmarried, in the instance that these women did get married, they would consequently lose their jobs. In this way, Helen also never married. Helen Belyea established herself as an authority within her field of study, specifically her research and understanding of the Devonian geologic system in Western Canada.

After 35 years of contribution to the Geological Survey of Canada formally retired in 1975. However, her study of geology didn't end with her retirement as she continued working with the Institute of Sedimentary and Petroleum Geology.

On May 20, 1986, Helen Belyea died at the age of 73 in Calgary, Alberta.

Education
Belyea received both her Bachelor's and master's degrees in geology from Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia. In Dalhousie University, she was not only the only woman in class but also the President of the Dawson Geology Club. She earned a Ph.D. from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Her doctoral thesis was titled "The Geology of Musquach Area, New Brunswick." After receiving her doctorate in geology, Belyea worked as a teacher in private high schools, both in Victoria and Toronto. During the events of the Second World War, Belyea contributed to the war efforts in Ottawa, joining and eventually becoming a lieutenant in the Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service in the Naval Service HQ. Belyea finished her career within the Naval Service in May 1945, being released from service.

Following her scientific career within geology, Belyea received two honorary doctorates. The first, an Honorary Doctor of Science from the University of Windsor in 1976. The second, an Honorary Doctor of Laws from the Dalhousie University in 1977.

During her education, Belyea also acted as a thesis supervisor for fellow female geologist Dr. Frances Wagner’s master’s thesis between 1948 and 1950.

Research and career
After her release from Naval Service in 1945 the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) hired Belyea to become a technologist. Only a few years later, in 1947, she was promoted to the higher position of geologist. Her career within the GSC originated in Ottawa however, in the year 1950 she transferred to the Alberta, specifically the Calgary office. This made Belyea the second woman to work for the Geological Survey of Canada, second to Dr. Alice Wilson. During February of the same year, oil was struck in Leduc, Alberta, which Belyea was sent to monitor three years later in 1950. In Leduc, Belyea specifically studied the rock segments that were at the surface as a result of the oil drills. She used this information to map the geology to further predict where oil would likely be found. After the oil was struck at Leduc, Alberta, the Geological Survey opened an office in Calgary, which was when Belyea was sent to monitor the discovery. This office eventually led to the creation of the Institute of Sedimentary and Petroleum Geology in 1967.

Throughout the duration of her career within geology, Belyea wrote and published over 30 scientific papers. Her first paper, on facies relations and reef-off-reef sequences in the upper Devonian, was published in Geological Survey of Canada in 1952. The Devonian system, a geological period from the Paleozoic era 358 to 419 million years ago, helped Belyea to map what Alberta looked like 350 million years ago through studying the reefs. She is best known for her contribution on the volume known as ‘The Atlas’ in the Geological History of Western Canada, where she wrote maps and text for the whole Devonian region. This was based on her work from the late 1950s on a geological survey that mapped the Southern Northwest Territories. She specifically contributed on the region west of Hay River and south of the Mackenzie, and her knowledge of the regional geology helped produce a synthesis for the Devonian rocks of that region. Other written works of Helen Belyea include her book "The Story of the Banff National Park" which was published in 1960. Being the first in a series of geological pamphlets, the 121 pages are intended for the National Park's interpretation staff. Belyea was noticed for her contribution to geology in Alberta, where she spent 35 years with the Geological Survey of Canada. Her many awards included the Barlow Memorial Medal for her paper, "Distribution and Lithology of Organic Carbonate Unit of Upper Fairholme Group, Alberta," awarded in 1958, from the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. She was the first woman honoured this way. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1962, which was a rare achievement for a woman, and was later made an honorary member of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists in 1964. In 1966, Helen Belyea became the co-chairman of the First International Symposium on the Devonian System, which the Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists sponsored. She was one of two geologists sent to open a Calgary office and the only woman to do field work there. In 1976, she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.