Helenio Herrera

Helenio Herrera Gavilán (10 April 1910 – 9 November 1997) was an Argentine-French football player and manager. He is best remembered for his success with the Inter Milan team known as Grande Inter in the 1960s.

During his managerial career, Herrera won four La Liga titles in Spain (with Atlético Madrid and Barcelona) and three Serie A titles in Italy with Inter. He also guided Inter to European glory, winning two consecutive European Cups, among several other honours. He is regarded as one of the greatest managers of all time.

Herrera was arguably the first manager to collect credit for his teams' performances, in the process becoming a superstar in the world of football. Up to that time, managers were more marginal figures in a team. All teams throughout Europe were known for their headline-grabbing individual players, e.g. Di Stéfano's Real Madrid, whereas Inter during the 1960s is still referred to as Herrera's Inter.

Early life and playing career
Herrera was born in 1910 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to immigrant parents from Spain. His father Francisco, who worked as a carpenter, was an exiled anarchist originally from Andalusia. His mother, Maria Gavilán Martínez, was a cleaner. In 1920, Herrera's family left Argentina for Casablanca, in what was then French Morocco, in search of a better life. In Casablanca, Herrera started his career as a footballer.

Playing as a central defender, in 1932 the 22-year-old Herrera earned a transfer from RC Casablanca to mainland France, to CASG in Paris. Before the onset of World War II, Herrera (or "H.H." as he was known) had spells at several French clubs. From 1933 to 1935 he was at Stade Français, from 1935 to 1937 at FCO Charleville (where he was called up for the France national team twice), and at Excelsior Roubaix from 1937 to 1939.

During the war, he played for five years at Red Star Paris, Stade Français, EF Paris-Capitale and Puteaux, where he started his managing career in 1944 as a player-manager, before retiring from playing in 1945, at 35 years of age. While he spent his career playing for established French clubs, Herrera did not win any notable silverware. His managing career, which coincided with the early beginnings of UEFA competitions, had a marked effect on the game's tactical development.

Managing career
After his first season in Puteaux, Herrera rejoined Stade Français for a third time, now as manager. After three seasons with no trophies collected, the club's president opted to sell the club. Herrera moved to Spain, where he spent the next six years with Real Valladolid, Atlético Madrid (where he won La Liga in 1950 and 1951), Málaga, Deportivo de La Coruña and Sevilla, before moving to Portugal and a two-year tenure with Lisbon side Belenenses. Later, returning to Spain, he managed giants Barcelona, where he won various titles (including La Liga, twice), but several problems, including disagreements between him and star player Ladislao Kubala, forced him to leave the club in 1960.

He immediately emigrated to Italy and signed with Inter Milan (where he was to remain until 1968), winning three Serie A titles and two European Cups during his stay with the club, where he used a 5–3–2 formation, and modified a tactic known as the Verrou (door bolt) – used by Karl Rappan – to include larger flexibility for counter-attacks; thus, the Catenaccio system was born. The side was later nicknamed Grande Inter, due to the club's successes under Herrera's eight–year spell, which saw the team win back–to–back European Cup titles in 1964 and 1965, as well as three Serie A titles, and two Intercontinental Cup titles. During this time he was also coaching Spain (between 1959 and 1962) and Italy (1966–67).

In 1968, Herrera moved to Roma, where he became the highest paid manager in the world, with a contract worth an estimated £150,000 per year. He won the Coppa Italia in his first season, but relations with club president Alvaro Marchini had already soured over the tragic death of his centre-forward Giuliano Taccola in the team dressing room at an away game against Cagliari. The following season, 1969–70, erratic results in the league gave Marchini the excuse to sack him.

He returned to management for a one-year stint with Inter for the 1973–74 season. Herrera then suffered a heart attack, did not want to coach full-time any more and retired in Venice, where he lived the rest of his life. While inactive between 1974 and 1978, Herrera returned briefly during the end of the decade, managing Rimini, and finally ending his career with a return to Barcelona for one-and-a-half seasons in 1980 and 1981.

Influence
He pioneered the use of psychological motivating skills – his pep-talk phrases are still quoted today, e.g. "he who doesn't give it all, gives nothing", "with ten our team plays better than with eleven" (after his team had to face the second half of a game with only ten players on the field) and "Class + Preparation + Intelligence + Athleticism = Championships". These slogans were often plastered on billboards around the ground and chanted by players during training sessions.

He also enforced a strict discipline code, for the first time forbidding players to drink or smoke and controlling their diet – once at Inter, he suspended a player after telling the press "we came to play in Rome" instead of "we came to win in Rome". He also sent club personnel to players' homes during the week to perform '"bed-checks." He introduced the ritiro, a pre-match remote country hotel retreat that started with the collection of players on Thursday to prepare for a Sunday game.

He was also one of the first managers to call on the support of the "twelfth player" – the spectators. While indirectly, this led to the appearance of the first Ultras movements in the late 60s. While defensive in nature, his understanding of the Catenaccio was slightly different from that practised by other Italian teams and the original Verrou, as he often used the full backs (particularly Giacinto Facchetti) as half backs (defensively supported by the libero) to launch faster counter-attacks, a staple of Italian tactics – yet, he never denied the heart of his team relied on defence.

In 2004, Herrera's widow Fiora Gandolfi (his third wife) released a book called Tacalabala. In it, were collected sayings, sketches and notes from Herrera's notebooks and journals.

Tactics and style of management
Herrera's standard formation at Inter was the 5–3–2 system, which almost always included a sweeper (usually the team's captain, Armando Picchi), as well as four man-marking defenders. He was openly dismissive of teams that had an obsession for dominating ball possession, declaring that "the ball always moves further, and more quickly, when there isn't a player behind it".

Although Herrera's Barcelona side was known for playing a fluid, attacking brand of football, his pragmatic Catenaccio tactics at Inter were often criticised for producing few goals, and for being dull, overly defensive, or even destructive; Herrera and several of Inter's players at the time refuted these claims, however, with Herrera later stating: "The problem is that most of the ones who copied me copied me wrongly. They forgot to include the attacking principles that my Catenaccio included. I had Picchi as a sweeper, yes, but I also had Facchetti, the first full-back to score as many goals as a forward".

Aside from the team's defensive strength and organisation when defending behind the ball, some of the key elements of Herrera's Grande Inter side of the 1960s were the use of vertical football and very quick, efficient counter-attacks, which allowed the team to score with few touches. This was made possible due to Herrera's use of very quick and energetic, attacking full-backs, such as Giacinto Facchetti, and Tarcisio Burgnich, who would often detach themselves from the back-line, and catch their opponents by surprise with their overlapping runs. Furthermore, the team's main creative force, Spanish deep-lying playmaker Luis Suárez, played a fundamental part in Inter's success during this period, due to his outstanding work-rate, technical skills, vision and passing range; these attributes enabled him to aid the team to win back possession, and subsequently launch quick attacks with accurate long balls out to the on-running full-backs, who would often go on either to score or assist the strikers.

After successive European Cups in 1964 and 1965, Helenio Herrera's Catenaccio style of play suffered a massive blow in the 1967 final in Lisbon, when they came up against Scottish champions Celtic of Glasgow, – nicknamed the Lisbon Lions – who consisted of a group of players who were all born within 30 miles of Celtic's home ground, Celtic Park. Celtic won the game 2–1 after coming back from a seventh-minute Mazzola penalty, with many pundits claiming this was a "victory for football" against the defensively-destructive Catenaccio.

Trivia
Helenio Herrera was nicknamed il Mago (the Wizard) and H.H. (from the initials of his name) by Italian sports journalists (who recognised him as one of the finest coaches in Italian football history), due to his success and tactical prowess, and because on occasion he would provocatively announce the results of Sunday's games, and often his prediction turned out to be correct.

Manager
Atlético Madrid
 * La Liga: 1949–50, 1950–51
 * Copa Eva Duarte: 1951

Sevilla
 * La Liga runner-up: 1956-57
 * Copa del Rey runner-up: 1954-55

Barcelona
 * La Liga: 1958–59, 1959–60
 * Copa del Rey: 1958–59, 1980–81
 * Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1958–60

Inter Milan
 * Coppa Italia runner-up: 1964-65
 * Serie A: 1962–63, 1964–65, 1965–66
 * European Cup: 1963–64, 1964–65
 * Intercontinental Cup: 1964, 1965

Roma
 * Coppa Italia: 1968–69
 * Anglo-Italian Cup: 1972

Individual
 * Italian Football Hall of Fame: 2015
 * Greatest Manager of All Time – one of 5 managers ranked top 10 by France Football, World Soccer and ESPN
 * 4th place (World Soccer): 2013
 * 5th place (ESPN): 2013
 * 7th place (France Football): 2019