Henry Hicks (geologist)

Henry Hicks (1837–1899) was a Welsh physician and geologist during the 19th century.

Personal life
Henry Hicks was born on 26 May 1837 in the city of St Davids, Wales. His parents were Anne (Griffiths) and surgeon Thomas Hicks. Hicks married Mary Richardson in February 1864, with whom he had three daughters. He died on 18 November 1899 in Hendon, London.

Medical career
Hicks studied medicine at Guy's Hospital in London; in 1862, he became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and was licensed by Worshipful Society of Apothecaries. Hicks returned to St Davids to practise medicine, and in 1871, he moved his practise to Hendon, London. Focusing on mental health, Hicks received his Doctor of Medicine from the University of St Andrews in 1878, ultimately becoming the head of an asylum in Hendon Grove, solely treating women for mental disorders.

Geology career
In St Davids, Hicks met palæontologist John William Salter, and became enamored with the burgeoning field of study. Hicks discovered a new Lingulella in the red, Cambrian-era rocks near his hometown, and wrote of it to the Geological Society of London. This earned him recognition and a grant from the British Science Association, leading him to find up to thirty more Cambrian species in 1868. Post-1868, Hicks included the higher Paleozoic-era strata in his searches. When he began his psychiatric work in Hendon Grove, this allowed Hicks much more time to devote to the geologic deposits in Middlesex.

Hicks coined the terms Pebidian and Dimetian to describe the Precambrian rocks around St Davids; both descriptors were still used by scientists as of the 2010s. Across the Geological Magazine, the Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, and the Reports of the British Association, Hicks published 63 papers. He was also the first to discover fossils (of the Silurian) in the Morte Slates Formation.

Hicks was active in the British Science Association, Fellow and president of the Geologists' Association from 1883–1885, and made a Fellow of the Royal Society on 4 June 1885. He was awarded the Bigsby Medal from the Geological Society in 1883, became secretary from 1890–1893, 46th president from 1896–1898, and vice-president in 1899 at the time of his death.

Fossils described
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 * Agnostus cambrensis (renamed Peronopsis (Peronopsis) integra)
 * Conocoryphe lyellii, (renamed Bailiella lyellii)
 * Microdiscus sculptus
 * Paradoxides harknessi (renamed Eccaparadoxides harknessi)
 * Plutonia sedgwickii (renamed Plutonides sedgwickii)
 * Theca antiqua

Per User:Kevmin, "Not a section type usually included in Biography articles, and when it is included its NOT for the detailed circumscription history of each taxon"


 * Agnostus davidis (Salter, 1865), redescribed (Hicks, H. 1872, pl. 5, figs. 2-4). Transferred to Ptychagnostus (s. l.). One of the largest Agnostid trilobites known and derives from the Menevia Formation, Hypagnostus parvifrons Biozone of Porth-y-rhaw; also recorded from exposure behind the lifeboat house in Solva Harbour, Menevia Formation, H. parvifrons Biozone.
 * Agnostus eskriggii ( Hicks, op.cit. 1872 pl.5, fig. 7). Transferred to Phalagnostus Howell, 1955. Type species, By original designation, Battus nudus Beyrich, 1845, from the Middle Cambrian of Bohemia. P. eskriggei derives from the Menevia Fmn., Porth-y-rhaw; horizon unknown, but listed earlier (nom. nud.) by Harkness and Hicks (1871, p. 397) as Agnostus Eskrigii [sic.] Hicks and as an associate of Paradoxides davidis, Anopolenus henrici, Holocephalina primordialis, and Solenopleuropsis ("Conocoryphe") variolaris which suggests derivation from the Pt. punctuosus Biozone.
 * Agnostus scutalis (Salter, 1865), redescribed (op. cit. 1872, pl. 5, figs. 9-14). Transferred to Peronopsis and includes the subspecies P. scutalis scutalis (figs. 9-12) and P. scutalis exarata (figs. 13,14). From the Hypagnostus parvifrons Biozone and basal Pt. punctuosus Biozone of Porth-y-rhaw,
 * Agnostus scarabaeoides (Salter, 1865), redescribed (op. cit. 1872, pl. 5, fig. 8), = Ptychagnostus punctuosus (Angelin, 1851) - type species of Ptychagnostus. From the Ptychagnostus punctuosus Biozone, Porth-y-rhaw.
 * Agnostus barrandei (Salter, 1865), redescribed (op. cit. 1872, pl. 5, figs. 5,6). Transferred to Ptychagnostus (s. l.). described originally from the Menevia Formation, T.fissus Biozone, Penpleidiae headland, east side of Caerfai Bay, half mile south of St Davids.
 * Arionellus longicephalus Hicks (1872, p. 176, pl.5, figs. 20-26), = Agraulos ceticephalus Barrande, 1846. From the H. Parvifrons Biozone, Porth-y-rhaw.
 * Erynnis venulosa (Salter in Hicks and Salter, 1866), redescribed (op. cit. 1872, p. 177, pl. 6, figs. 1-6). Assigned to Salteria by Walcott (1884, p. 310), Conocoryphe by Gronwall, 1902, P. 94, PL. 1, fig. 23), named Menevia by lake (1938, p. 272, pl.39, figs. 4-9) but preoccupied by Menevia Schaus, 1928, for a genus of Moth (Lepidoptera), Type species: Cicinnus lantona Schaus, 1905. Bailiella by Howell (1929, table 4), Resser (1936, p. 16) and Shimer and Shrock (1944, p. 607, pl. 276, fig.20) and finally renamed Meneviella Stubblefield, 1951. From the H. parvifrons and basal Pt. Punctuosus Biozones, Porth-y-rhaw.
 * Carausia menevensis Gen. et sp. nov. Hicks (1872, p. 177–178, pl.6, fig. 7) = Holocephalina primordialis Salter, 1864. From the Pt. Punctuosus Biozone, Porth-y-rhaw.
 * Holocephalina inflata spec. nov. Hicks (1872 p. 178, pl.6, figs. 8-10). Ascribed to a new genus Hartshillia by Illing, 1916. From a "creek west of Porth-y-rhaw", probably Ogof Eynon, Menevia Formation, H. parvifrons Biozone.
 * Conocoryphe homfrayi = Ptychoparia homfrayi (Hicks [Salter ms.]) from the Clogau Formation, Maentwrog Valley, Maentwrog, Merionethshire, Wales.
 * Anoploenus impar, nov. sp. [partim] Hicks, (1872, p. 179, pl. 7 fig. 2; figs. 3, 4, 6, 7 doubtful [non pl. 7 fig. 1 = Clarella sp.]. C. impar was transferred to new Genus Clarella by Howell (1933, p. 217), named after his wife and referred to as Clarella imparis. Recorded by Hicks from the Menevia Formation of St Davids (probably more correctly identified as C. salteri, Hicks 1872) or other unidentified species, but definitely identified from the Clogau Formation, Maentwrog, North Wales. Recorded also from a Temporary section on east bank of the Coventry Canal where it passes under Vernon's Lane (grid reference SP 3491 9204), Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England. Cranidium figured Rushton (2011, p. 98, fig. 2D) as Clarell impar (Hicks, 1872). The bed with Clarella lay below agnostoids representative of the lower part of Illing's 'lower Paradoxides davidis fauna' (Cook 1977, p. 36); Rushton (1979) correlated the horizon with the base of Westergård's (1946) B3 division and the Hypagnostus parvifrons Zone.
 *  Anopolenus salteri sp. nov. Hicks in Salter, 1865, p. 478, fig. 1 on p. 481. Now Clarella salteri and distinguished from C. impar by relatively narrow palpebral lobes and no preglabellar field; also ratio of maximum glabellar width = 1 : 1.5 as opposed to 1 : 2 in C. impar. Lectotype SM A1056, internal mould of cranidium figured by Hicks (1872, pl. 7 fig. 9) as Anopolenus salteri, and Lake (1934, pl.24, Fig. 6) as Centropleura henrici (Salter); exact horizon unknown, but the species was listed by Harkness and hicks (1871, p. 397) to be from the "Middle division of the Menevian", associated with Solenopleuropsis ("Conocoryphe") variolaris, (Salter), Paradoxides davidis Salter, Anopolenus henrici Salter and Holocephalina primordialis Salter which suggests derivation from the basal part of the Pt. punctuosus Biozone of Porth-y-rhaw.-->

Publications

 * HICKS, H. Results of recent Researches in some Bone-caves in North Wales (Fynnon Bueno and Cae Gwyn), By Henry Hicks, M.D., F.R.S., F.G.S.; with a Note on the Animal Remains, by W. Davies, Esq., F.G.S. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society for February 1886.
 * HICKS, H. Results of recent Researches in some Bone-caves in North Wales (Fynnon Bueno and Cae Gwyn), By Henry Hicks, M.D., F.R.S., F.G.S.; with a Note on the Animal Remains, by W. Davies, Esq., F.G.S. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society for February 1886.
 * HICKS, H. Results of recent Researches in some Bone-caves in North Wales (Fynnon Bueno and Cae Gwyn), By Henry Hicks, M.D., F.R.S., F.G.S.; with a Note on the Animal Remains, by W. Davies, Esq., F.G.S. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society for February 1886.
 * HICKS, H. Results of recent Researches in some Bone-caves in North Wales (Fynnon Bueno and Cae Gwyn), By Henry Hicks, M.D., F.R.S., F.G.S.; with a Note on the Animal Remains, by W. Davies, Esq., F.G.S. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society for February 1886.