Hezbollah in Latin America

Hezbollah in Latin America is a splinter organization of the Shia Islamist Lebanon-based group Hezbollah which operates in throughout South America.

History
The group was established in the 1980s in the tri-border region of Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina which was considered a safe haven for the group's operations of smuggling, recruitment, and plotting of attacks. They expanded into Venezuela with some degree of sponsorship from the Venezuelan state. They also receive funding from the Iranian state to conduct operations against U.S. and Jewish interests in South America with many of the members of the group being Arab Muslims who either immigrated or were born in South America. The establishment was also seen as a way for Iran to get more leverage against the U.S., with this formation being taken as the setting up of a South American proxy terrorist network.

In 1994 the group bombed the Argentine Israelite Mutual Association building. Though a Palestinian Jihadist group took responsibility as a front for Hezbollah.

Terrorism after October 7th
After the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel and throughout the Israel–Hamas war there have been numerous attempts by Hezbollah in Latin American to commit terrorist attacks against Jewish and Israeli civilians in South America.

In November 2023 two men who had links to Hezbollah in Latin America and the main group of Hezbollah were arrested by Brazilian police. One of the men was arrested in the international airport in São Paulo after coming from Lebanon into Brazil. The plan that the men had was to attack Jewish communities in Brazil, but the plan was foiled with assistance from the Mossad intelligence agency. In addition to these arrests, the Brazilian police executed 11 search warrants in relation to the recruitment of extremists in Brazil.

Revenue
Most of the group's international revenue comes from Iran, with some funds being laundered from Venezuela. Some of the revenue that is gained by Hezbollah in Latin America goes towards the main group in Lebanon to make up for loss of funds in Lebanon. A lot of the funds they receive in South America come from the smuggling of illegal items through the tri-border of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay which is used to fund terroristic activities. Many of these items include drugs, stolen goods, weaponry, and pirated content. The group also funnels cocaine through Colombia and Venezuela. Selling illegal goods make up around 60–70% of all of the group's revenue.

Sanctions
The United States have issued many sanctions against the group, but they have been more limited in South American compared to its Lebanese sector.