Hogan's Alley (FBI)

Hogan's Alley is a tactical training facility operated by the FBI Training Academy near Quantico, Virginia. Spread over more than 10 acre, Hogan's Alley was opened in 1987 and was designed to provide a realistic urban setting for training agents of the FBI, DEA, and other local, state, federal and international law enforcement agents. It is also occasionally used as an urban combat training venue for lieutenants at the United States Marine Corps' The Basic School, which is located nearby. The term "Hogan's Alley" is also used generically to refer to any shooting range devoted to tactical training.

Description
Hogan's Alley consists of a street with a bank, a post office, a hotel ("The Dogwood Inn"), a laundromat, a barber shop, a pool hall, homes, shops, and more, many of which are named after events in the FBI's past. The town is populated by actors who role play parts appropriate to the training that is in progress; most play innocent bystanders, but some play terrorists, bank robbers, drug dealers, or other criminal roles. One of the buildings really houses a classroom for training agents on site and another building houses a working FBI office used in some simulated scenarios.

Hogan's Alley is used to teach agents investigative techniques, firearms skills, and defensive tactics. Scenarios involve investigations of terrorist activities, planning and making arrests, processing evidence at crime scenes, conducting interviews and searches, using ballistic shields as protection, and clearing areas and buildings so they're safe to enter. Realistic paintball bullets, known as Simunition, which are fired from realistic paintball guns, are used in simulated gun fights with the criminal role players.

Since civilian law enforcement's rules of engagement are far more restrictive than those generally in effect in the military, the FBI's Hogan's Alley relies on simulated munitions and role-playing to make the shoot/no-shoot decisions far more realistic than was possible in the past. Modern simulations used by military and police also now include a wide range of simulated weapons and scenarios, from force-on-force scenarios using paintball gun technology to life-sized, computer-animated simulations projected in special 360-degree theaters, using advanced light guns with force feedback to simulate recoil.

History
The FBI's Hogan's Alley has evolved out of established police and military training facilities dating back to the period between World War I and World War II. The first reference to a facility called "Hogan's Alley" was at the Special Police School, established by the National Rifle Association of America and the Army's National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice at Camp Perry in Ohio. The facility was established after a 1920 survey of police departments for cities with a population over 25,000 revealed that only 13 had established marksmanship training programs. In 1924, the police departments of all cities with populations of over 10,000 were invited to participate in national matches at Camp Perry.

The coming of World War II closed the Special Police School down, but the principle of Hogan's Alley lived on in other forms, such as the "House of Horrors" kill house described by Office of Strategic Services (OSS) military officer Rex Applegate in his 1943 book Kill or Get Killed. The setup used for training OSS agents differed from the modern Hogan's Alley, since lack of simulated munitions meant that training with live targets was not possible. The OSS agents used pop-up targets and reduced-caliber .22 Long Rifle pistols to minimize the danger and the damage to the facility, but it was still live ammunition and potentially lethal. Instructors followed students through the house by holding onto their belts, so that contact was always maintained in the darkened corridors.

The FBI's Hogan's Alley was established after a catastrophic 1986 shootout... "on a Miami street [in which] a group of FBI agents [tried] to stop suspected bank robbers; two were killed and another five were wounded. Special agent in charge of the Miami FBI during the incident Joseph Corless described it 'a devastating day for the FBI.' From this tragedy came change, in this case, the decision to invest in the mock town of Hogan’s Alley to allow agents to gain experience they needed to avoid future tragedies, without getting hurt."

Origin of name
According to the FBI, they "...borrowed it from the Hogan's Alley comic strip of the 1890s. The alley was located in a rough neighborhood, so we thought the name fit our crime-ridden town." While the comic strip was almost certainly the original source of the name, the Camp Perry facility was probably the more immediate source of the name. The Camp Perry facility re-opened in 1956, and was probably used by the FBI, and that was probably the inspiration for the 1984 arcade game Hogan's Alley.