Holothuria

Holothuria is the type genus of the marine animal family Holothuriidae, part of the class Holothuroidea, commonly known as sea cucumbers. Members of the genus are found in coastal waters in tropical and temperate regions. They are soft-bodied, limbless invertebrates which dwell on the ocean floor and are usually detritivores. They resemble a cucumber in form. The genus contains some species that are harvested and sold as food.

Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Holothuria:


 * Subgenus Acanthotrapeza Rowe, 1969
 * Holothuria coluber Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria kubaryi Ludwig, 1875
 * Holothuria pyxis Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria tripilata Massin, 1987
 * Subgenus Cystipus Haacke, 1880
 * Holothuria casoae Laguarda-Figueras & Solís-Marín, 2009
 * Holothuria cubana Ludwig, 1875
 * Holothuria dura Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981
 * Holothuria hartmeyeri (Helfer, 1912)
 * Holothuria inhabilis Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria jousseaumei Cherbonnier, 1954
 * Holothuria mammosa Cherbonnier, 1988
 * Holothuria occidentalis Ludwig, 1875
 * Holothuria pseudofossor Deichmann, 1930
 * Holothuria rigida Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria sucosa Erwe, 1919
 * Holothuria turrisimperfecta Cherbonnier, 1965
 * Subgenus Halodeima Pearson, 1914
 * Holothuria atra Jaeger, 1833
 * Holothuria edulis Lesson, 1830
 * Holothuria enalia Lampert, 1885
 * Holothuria floridana Pourtalés, 1851
 * Holothuria grisea Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria inornata Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria kefersteinii (Selenka, 1867)
 * Holothuria manningi Pawson, 1978
 * Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875
 * Holothuria nigralutea O'Loughlin, 2007
 * Holothuria pulla Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria signata Ludwig, 1875
 * Subgenus Holothuria Linnaeus, 1767
 * Holothuria caparti Cherbonnier, 1965
 * Holothuria dakarensis Panning, 1939
 * Holothuria fungosa Helfer, 1912
 * Holothuria helleri Marenzeller von, 1877
 * Holothuria mammata Grube, 1840
 * Holothuria massaspicula Cherbonnier, 1954
 * Holothuria stellati Delle Chiaje, 1824
 * Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791
 * Subgenus Lessonothuria Deichmann, 1958
 * Holothuria cavans Massin & Tomascik, 1996
 * Holothuria cumulus Clark, 1921
 * Holothuria duoturricula Cherbonnier, 1988
 * Holothuria glandifera Cherbonnier, 1955
 * Holothuria immobilis Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria insignis Ludwig, 1875
 * Holothuria lineata Ludwig, 1875
 * Holothuria multipilula Liao, 1975
 * Holothuria pardalis Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria tuberculata Thandar, 2007
 * Holothuria verrucosa Selenka, 1867
 * Subgenus Mertensiothuria Deichmann, 1958
 * Holothuria albofusca Cherbonnier, 1988
 * Holothuria aphanes Lampert, 1885
 * Holothuria arenacava Samyn, Massin & Muthiga, 2001
 * Holothuria artensis Cherbonnier & Féral, 1984
 * Holothuria fuscorubra Théel, 1886
 * Holothuria hilla Lesson, 1830
 * Holothuria isuga Mitsukuri, 1912
 * Holothuria leucospilota (Brandt, 1835)
 * Holothuria viridiaurantia Borrero-Pérez & Vanegas-González, 2019
 * Subgenus Metriatyla Rowe, 1969
 * Holothuria aculeata Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria albiventer Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria alex Samyn in Samyn & Vandenspiegel, 2016
 * Holothuria brauni Helfer, 1912
 * Holothuria conica Clark, 1938
 * Holothuria cyrielle Vandenspiegel in Samyn & Vandenspiegel, 2016
 * Holothuria horrida Massin, 1987
 * Holothuria keesingi O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin et al., 2016
 * Holothuria lessoni Massin, Uthicke, Purcell, Rowe, Samyn, 2009
 * Holothuria martensii Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria scabra Jaeger, 1833
 * Holothuria submersa Sluiter, 1901
 * Holothuria tortonesei Cherbonnier, 1979
 * Subgenus Microthele Brandt, 1835
 * Holothuria fuscogilva Cherbonnier, 1980
 * Holothuria fuscopunctata Jaeger, 1833
 * Holothuria nobilis (Selenka, 1867)
 * Holothuria whitmaei Bell, 1887
 * Subgenus Panningothuria Rowe, 1969
 * Holothuria austrinabassa O'Loughlin, 2007
 * Holothuria forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823
 * Subgenus Platyperona Rowe, 1969
 * Holothuria crosnieri Cherbonnier, 1988
 * Holothuria difficilis Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria excellens (Ludwig, 1875)
 * Holothuria insolita Cherbonnier, 1988
 * Holothuria parvula (Selenka, 1867)
 * Holothuria rowei Pawson & Gust, 1981
 * Holothuria samoana Ludwig, 1875
 * Holothuria sanctori Delle Chiaje, 1823
 * Subgenus Roweothuria Thandar, 1988
 * Holothuria arguinensis Koehler & Vaney, 1906
 * Holothuria poli Delle Chiaje, 1824
 * Holothuria vemae Thandar, 1988
 * Subgenus Selenkothuria Deichmann, 1958
 * Holothuria bacilla Cherbonnier, 1988
 * Holothuria carere Honey-Escandón, Solís-Marín & Laguarda-Figueras, 2011
 * Holothuria erinacea Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria glaberrima Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria lubrica Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria mactanensis Tan Tiu, 1981
 * Holothuria moebii Ludwig, 1883
 * Holothuria parva Krauss in Lampert, 1885
 * Holothuria parvispinea Massin, 2013
 * Holothuria portovallartensis Caso, 1954
 * Holothuria sinica Liao, 1980
 * Holothuria theeli Deichmann, 1938
 * Holothuria vittalonga Cherbonnier, 1988
 * Subgenus Semperothuria Deichmann, 1958
 * Holothuria cinerascens (Brandt, 1835)
 * Holothuria flavomaculata Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria granosa Cherbonnier, 1988
 * Holothuria imitans Ludwig, 1875
 * Holothuria languens Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria roseomaculata Kerr, 2013
 * Holothuria surinamensis Ludwig, 1875
 * Subgenus Stauropora Rowe, 1969
 * Holothuria aemula Sluiter, 1914
 * Holothuria annulifera Fisher, 1907
 * Holothuria bo Samyn in Samyn & Vandenspiegel, 2016
 * Holothuria discrepans Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria dofleinii Augustin, 1908
 * Holothuria fuscocinerea Jaeger, 1833
 * Holothuria hawaiiensis Fisher, 1907
 * Holothuria mitis Sluiter, 1901
 * Holothuria modesta Ludwig, 1875
 * Holothuria olivacea Ludwig, 1888
 * Holothuria pervicax Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria pluricuriosa Deichmann, 1937
 * Subgenus Stichothuria Cherbonnier, 1980
 * Holothuria coronopertusa Cherbonnier, 1980
 * Subgenus Theelothuria Deichmann, 1958
 * Holothuria asperita Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981
 * Holothuria cadelli Bell, 1887
 * Holothuria duoturriforma Thandar, 2007
 * Holothuria foresti Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981
 * Holothuria hamata Pearson, 1913
 * Holothuria imperator Deichmann, 1930
 * Holothuria klunzingeri Lampert, 1885
 * Holothuria kurti Ludwig, 1891
 * Holothuria longicosta Thandar, 2007
 * Holothuria maculosa Pearson, 1913
 * Holothuria michaelseni Erwe, 1913
 * Holothuria notabilis Ludwig, 1875
 * Holothuria paraprinceps Deichmann, 1937
 * Holothuria princeps Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria pseudonotabilis Thandar, 2007
 * Holothuria spinifera Théel, 1886
 * Holothuria squamifera Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria turriscelsa Cherbonnier, 1980
 * Subgenus Thymiosycia Pearson, 1914
 * Holothuria altaturricula Cherbonnier & Féral, 1984
 * Holothuria arenicola Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria conusalba Cherbonnier & Féral, 1984
 * Holothuria gracilis Semper, 1868
 * Holothuria impatiens (Forskål, 1775)
 * Holothuria macroperona Clark, 1938
 * Holothuria marginata Sluiter, 1901
 * Holothuria milloti Cherbonnier, 1988
 * Holothuria minax Théel, 1886
 * Holothuria remollescens Lampert, 1885
 * Holothuria strigosa Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980
 * Holothuria truncata Lampert, 1885
 * Holothuria unicolor Selenka, 1867
 * Holothuria zihuatanensis Caso, 1964
 * Subgenus Vaneyothuria Pearson, 1914
 * Holothuria integra Koehler & Vaney, 1908
 * Holothuria lentiginosa Marenzeller von, 1892
 * Holothuria sinefibula Cherbonnier, 1964
 * Holothuria suspecta Cherbonnier, 1958
 * Holothuria unica Rowe, 1989
 * Holothuria zacae Deichmann, 1937
 * Subgenus incertae sedis (uncertain placement)
 * Holothuria platei Ludwig, 1898
 * Holothuria pyxoides Ludwig, 1888