Homecoming (Kanye West song)

"Homecoming" is a song by the American rapper Kanye West from his third studio album, Graduation (2007). The song features a guest appearance from Chris Martin and he co-wrote it with West and Warryn Campbell, who served as the producers. West and the singer worked on the song when they met at Abbey Road Studios in February 2006, engaging in a jam session where Martin came up with the concept. It was a re-working of West's 2001 recording "Home (Windy)", which featured John Legend and a different beat. The recording was inspired by Common's "I Used to Love H.E.R." and themed around West's hometown of Chicago, maintained for the new version.

On February 2, 2008, "Homecoming" was released in the United Kingdom as the album's fifth and final single by Roc-A-Fella Records and Def Jam Recordings. It is a hip hop song with elements of gospel and pub rock, accompanied by Martin's arena rock piano. The singer also performs the chorus, questioning returning home and adding a hint of reggae. In the lyrics of the song, West delivers an ode to Chicago and narrates his relationship with the city. He personifies Chicago as a childhood sweetheart named Wendy, expressing his guilt and rejection from her after leaving for fame.

"Homecoming" received mixed reviews from music critics, who were mostly divided in their responses to Martin's feature. Some praised West's lyricism and emotional impact, while a few critics identified the song as a highlight of Graduation. It was later ranked as among West's best songs by numerous publications, including The Jamaica Observer and CraveOnline. The song charted at number 69 on the US Billboard Hot 100, while reaching number 15 on the Hot Rap Songs chart. It was more successful in Europe, peaking at number five in Ireland and number nine in the United Kingdom, becoming West's eighth top-10 single in the latter territory. The song attained top 40 positions in 11 other countries, including Norway and Denmark. In the United States, the song was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It has been certified platinum in both Denmark and the UK by IFPI Danmark and the British Phonographic Industry, respectively.

An accompanying black-and-white music video was filmed in Chicago during November 2007, later released in April 2008. The video features a montage of West traversing the streets of the city and showcases its landmarks, alongside cameos from his friends and rap acts there. It was nominated for Best Hip Hop Video at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards. West delivered a live performance of "Homecoming" with Legend at The Box nightclub in August 2010, with the singer appearing at the grand piano. The rapper performed the song at the Global Gathering and Coachella festivals in 2008 and 2011, respectively. It was played live on piano by Dave in April 2022.

Background
"Homecoming" was produced by West and record producer Warryn Campbell, who served as co-writers with Coldplay's lead vocalist Chris Martin. Martin stands along with T-Pain as one of only two major singers to appear on Graduation. On February 13, 2006, Coldplay played a live show for BBC Radio 2 at London's Abbey Road Studios, where West was in attendance. West had wanted an appearance from Martin on "Homecoming" to crossover to working with the member of a mainstream band; they collaborated on the song after the show. The rapper felt them being in the same place showed the collaboration was meant to be and was brought by God, saying he "serve[s] as a vessel". Alongside Coldplay, during the period of the recording and production of Graduation, West was listening to bands including Keane, the Killers, and Radiohead for heavy inspiration. After fellow rapper Jay-Z heard the song himself, he decided to invite Martin to make a guest appearance on one of his songs. The collaborators worked on "Beach Chair", released before Graduation on the rapper's Kingdom Come in 2006. On fellow album track "Big Brother", West references the tension that came from Jay-Z having a feature from Martin after he told him of their collaboration. West recalled that he was initially reluctant for Jay-Z to work with Martin due to his competitive nature, later regretting this. In December 2008, West described Coldplay's music as consistent and praised how the band represent British stadium music.

"Homecoming" was a reworking of West's track known as "Home (Windy)", which was recorded for a demo tape in 2001. The track relied on a looped sample of harmonious vocals from Patti LaBelle and the BlueBelles's 1963 cover of the show tune "You'll Never Walk Alone", accompanied by West's boom bap production. It featured a different beat and a hook about soldiers who did not make it back home, performed by singer John Legend under his real name of John Stephens. "Home (Windy)" circulated under the new title "Home" on numerous mixtapes that West released over the years, including Get Well Soon... in 2003. "Home" was also available on an advance copy of West's debut studio album The College Dropout (2004), the same year that Legend released his debut Get Lifted with production from the rapper. However, this version of the album was never released due to being leaked months before its intended initial release date of August 12, 2003. West used the opportunity to refine The College Dropout, as the project was significantly remixed, remastered, and revised prior to being released. In the end, certain original album tracks were subsequently retracted, with "Home" being among them. The track was focused on West's hometown of Chicago; the term "Wendy" in its original title referred to the city's nickname of Windy City. West revised or reused lyrics from his early demo and mixtape tracks, with basing "Homecoming" on "Home" marking a prominent instance.

Writing and development
A new beat was entirely made for "Homecoming" despite using verses from "Home", while Legend's hook was replaced by a chorus from Martin that maintained the Chicago theme and the song served as a loving, emotional ode to the city. The lyrical content expounds upon West's relationship with Chicago, expressing a metaphoric narrative with a feminized personification of his hometown as a childhood sweetheart,  regretting leaving for fame as he cannot abandon it. West kept most of his lyrics from the original, which were inspired by his labelmate and fellow Chicago rapper Common's "I Used to Love H.E.R." (1994) and he changed certain ones as Martin requested him to. He led Martin to forgo his typical midtempo balladry for the song, favoring flashier, inspirational piano work. Martin's pounding piano was looped to begin off-beat for a rawer hip-hop sound and displays a gospel influence recurrent in West's productions, while he contributes reggae to the chorus.

The song was described as "very emotional" by West during an interview with Concrete Loop on October 5, 2007. Inspired by his worldwide stadium tour with Irish rock band U2 from 2005 to 2006, he redesigned the song for it to be chanted. Accordingly, the new composition features sharp piano flourishes placed over booming, stadium music to accompany a sing-along pop chorus. Meanwhile, the piano accompaniment is laden with energetic minor chords and results in arena rock. Compared to Legend's singing on the original, Martin delivers a smooth, elastic chorus on "Homecoming".

Recording
West and Martin met each other for the very first time coincidentally when Coldplay played a show at Abbey Road on February 13, 2006, around the same time the rapper was in the studios recording "Impossible" to accompany the 2006 film Mission: Impossible III. He originally spent a one-day session in the venue's Studio Two recording strings, then decided to book the Studio Three for the rest of his week. Engineer Mirek Stiles spent this time working with different vocals takes and loops alongside the production team of West, who was then joined by Martin in the control room. West and Martin engaged in an impromptu jam session that included Martin singing into a Neumann U 47 and resulted in "Homecoming", with the singer coming up with the concept. The rapper played him a beat intended for his 2005 single "Heard 'Em Say", to which he responded by suggesting it should be "more like a homecoming or something". Studio Two, used for an initial session, was the same studio the Beatles recorded in and West later had his photo on the wall of Abbey Road alongside the band in 2021. At the time of recording, West was traveling around the world to meet collaborators. This was a different approach to his later years when people visited him to collaborate, and he frequented the Record Plant in Hollywood, joined by percussionist Jon Brion. West also traveled to the Sony Music Studios in New York City (NYC), the Fever Recording Studio in North Hollywood, Los Angeles, and Ocean Way Recording in Hollywood to record "Homecoming". The song was mixed at Chalice Recording Studios in Hollywood and Chung King Studios in NYC.

West retracted the original vocal sample of "You'll Never Walk Alone" for "Homecoming" and replaced it with a looped piano riff, which he decorated over a stadium-friendly beat. Much of Graduation contained glossy, synthesizer-based productions influenced by West's experimentation with electronic music. In contrast, he opted for a different style on "Homecoming", with a more stripped-down and piano-based instrumental to complement the introspectiveness of its lyrics. West also added subtle details to the album, including crowd cheers on the song.

Composition and lyrics
Musically, "Homecoming" is an upbeat hip-hop song, with a duration of three minutes and twenty-six seconds (3:26). The track is a gospel-inflected jam, featuring an anthemic stadium beat and elements of pub rock. The song includes a raw, arena rock piano riff from Martin, which is looped. He plays an energetic piano, adding gospel elements. The instrumental of the song relies on the piano, as do the energetic minor chords. Its instrumentation also consists of percussion and heavy drums.

According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, the song is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 88 beats per minute. "Homecoming" is written in the key of E minor, and Martin's vocal range spans from a low of D4 to a high of E5. The musical composition uses four-measure phrases, which follow a basic sequence of Em–D/F#–Em/G–G–Am7–D/C–Cmaj7–Bm7 as its chord progression. Opening on a hammering E minor triad, the song's piano arrangement begins off-beat and incorporates flourishes. Throughout the track, the noise of a cheering crowd can be heard lightly in the background.

Lyrically, "Homecoming" serves as a loving ode to Chicago from West and Martin. West uses introspection in a narrative that follows his bittersweet relationship with Chicago as his hometown across the song's two verses, personifying the city as a childhood sweetheart named Wendy. The rapper identifies her as "Windy" in the lyrics, mentioning that she "likes to blow trees". He acknowledges that the childhood sweetheart slipped away and expresses guilt over having left her for fame, not being able to feel at home after leaving despite rejection from her. The lyrics reference Common's "I Used to Love H.E.R.", a rap song that similarly tells of a metaphoric relationship with a woman. After each verse, Martin sings a smooth, sing-along pop chorus that poses the question of "Do you think about me now and then? / 'Cause I'm coming home again". His vocals were compared by The Observer and Digital Spy to that of musician and singer-songwriter Sting, frontman of the British post-punk band the Police. Despite being from Devon, United Kingdom, Martin sings of a memory of fireworks at Lake Michigan, one of the North American Great Lakes. The singer also croons on the chorus and he delivers the line "e-yo-oh-oh" in a reggae style, evoking Jamaican musician Bob Marley.

Promotion and release
In January 2007, West told Billboard that he was considering releasing the song as the lead single for Graduation. "Homecoming" was first previewed when the digital radio station BBC Radio 1Xtra hosted an "Audience With Kanye West" event at the BBC Radio Music Theatre in London on August 13. West guided a specially selected audience through Graduation, playing the album on his MacBook Air laptop via a speaker system. "Homecoming" was one of the tracks that West played during a listening session for Graduation at the New World Stages in Manhattan, NY on August 28, 2007. Inside an auditorium, West revealed his influences and aspirations. West played the songs from start-to-finish uninterrupted, with special programs of the lyrics handed out. When an audience member asked West why "Home" became "Homecoming" with a new beat, he replied that he believed the original would not suit stadiums, although the lyrics were too good to not use.

On September 11, 2007, West's third studio album Graduation was released, including "Homecoming" as the twelfth track. West subsequently imparted that it was among his three favorite songs from the album. On February 2, 2008, the song was released for digital download in the UK as the fifth and final single from the album by West's labels Roc-A-Fella and Def Jam. The labels later issued it on a maxi-single in Germany on May 9, with "Good Night" serving as the B-side. Four days later, the song was serviced to US rhythmic contemporary radio stations. On July 1, 2008, the song was released on a CD single through Universal.

Critical reception
"Homecoming" was met with mixed reviews from music critics. Giving the song four out of five stars in Digital Spy, Nick Levine described it as the "emotional centrepiece" of Graduation, commenting that West shows his humanity and Martin provides "a pomp-filled piano riff" with undertones of English singer and composer Elton John. Levine noted how the song could have ended up becoming "a crass exercise in mutual back-slapping", thanking Martin for managing to bring out West's softness that marked "the bragging rapper's most affecting moment to date". Jackie Im of Treblezine declared that the song exceeded his expectations, praising Martin's vocals on the hook for their heavy catchiness and his piano as reminiscent of John, summarizing it as a "nice little pop song that leads into Kanye's most earnest moment". Pitchfork Mark Pytlik wrote that the song seemingly "hits all the right notes", aided by Martin. Vadim Rizov from Slant Magazine said the song is among West's strongest rapping on the album and quipped that in contrast to Jay-Z's collaboration with Martin on "Beach Chair", West may be able to "make Coldplay acceptable for the cool kids again". Ann Powers, for the Los Angeles Times, also held the belief that West bests Jay-Z's utilization of Martin's "reedy pipes". Paste reviewer Ross Bonaime wrote that West's usage of Martin is the most successful and they are a "undeniably pretty great" duo, although found it weird hearing the singer sing of Chicago as home. Writing for NME, Louis Pattison was satisfied with the song, but questioned the decision for Martin to appear after he worked with Jay-Z. Several music journalists questioned the authenticity of Martin's appearance on "Homecoming". Dorian Lynskey of The Guardian paid attention to its flaws, advising against guesting Martin on a song about Chicago due to his Devon nativity and thought even his emotion cannot make being "moved by the memory" of Lake Michigan fireworks convincing. Nathan Rabin from The A.V. Club viewed the collaboration as showing West's "broad musical palette that occasionally gets him into trouble", feeling Martin to be unsuitable for representing Chicago's strong musical heritage. Exclaim! Del Cowie remarked that "Homecoming" lacks the level of emotion that a "hometown ode should elicit", attributing this to Martin's "yodelling soccer yob". Labeling the track as one of the album's transgressions, Noah Love of Chart Attack stated that it would be better without the singer's crooning and considered West was still finding his lyrical potential. Chicago Tribune music critic Greg Kot dismissed Martin's vocals and the "cornball piano riff", feeling that the song fails and results in the album's biggest misstep.

Some reviews of the song were not focused on Martin's vocals. While he upheld the belief that Graduation did not meet its expectations, Kyle Ryan of The A.V. Club wrote that the song is an example of "its usual share of West gold". NOW Magazine editor Jason Richards labeled the song as the highlight of the album. At Stylus Magazine, Jayson Greene expressed that the usage of "Home" for the song is the album's prime example of West's "narrow lyrical focus" of reiterating his older works and strongly demonstrates he has not left his defining moment, despite "a big, stadium-ready beat". On a similar note, The Boston Globe's Julian Benbow criticized West for the awkwardness of combining "a song from a four-year-old mix-tape" with heavy drums and piano.

Accolades
Despite receiving mixed reviews, "Homecoming" appeared on several retrospective lists of West's best songs. In 2016, Complex listed both the song and the original version "Home" at number 38 among West's 100 best songs. Also in this year, Jeva Lange of The Week identified the song as West's best track and was impressed by his personification of Chicago that showed a deep love, praising its evolution for the original too. To honor his 39 birthday in June, The Jamaica Observer composed a list of West's top 10 best songs that placed "Homecoming" 10th. In 2017, CraveOnline ranked "Homecoming" as West's best song; the staff summarized that the instrumentation is the highlight and combined with the topic of his love for Chicago, makes for a "high point". Highsnobiety cited "Homecoming" as the 40th best West song six years later, with Donovan Barnett referring to it as a "classic Kanye cut" for the piano instrumentation, ode to the city, and Martin's chorus.

"Homecoming" was declared the 50th greatest Chicago rap song by Complex. For Chart Attack's list of Kanye West's 10 Most Stripped-Down, Minimal Songs, head writer Jordan Darville ranked it at number four. Discussing the track's lyricism, he mentioned it is among the introspectiveness of Graduation that is "much more deeply felt". Billboard cited "Homecoming" as among West's 10 most romantic songs; Jason Lipshutz stated that it marked one of rap's most loving hometown tributes. "Homecoming" received a nomination for Best R&B/Hip-Hop Track at the 2008 Teen Choice Awards.

Background
The accompanying music video was shot by the acclaimed director Hype Williams and filmed on location in Chicago on November 6, 2007. It stood among the long history of collaborations between Williams and West, as the two had previously worked together in the past on several music videos, including for those of fellow album tracks "Can't Tell Me Nothing" and "Stronger". The music video was filmed entirely in black-and-white, with Williams taking a simplistic approach for the visuals. For the video, West dressed in a patchwork shirt with a keffiyeh scarf, which had contrasting patterns.

Prior to its premiere, West posted screenshots of the music video to his blog on March 6, 2008. He also made exclusive behind-the-scenes images from the shoot available. Additionally, behind-the-scenes footage was later obtained and release by Channel Zero in December 2010. The footage showed West on set with rappers Bump J, Wildstyle of Crucial Conflict, and Malik Yusef. Cameos were featured from Don C, Virgil Abloh, Ibn Jasper, Morocco Vaughn, and Orr Academy High School students. On April 1, 2008, the music video was released via West's blog.

Synopsis and reception
The music video features a monochromatic montage of West rapping in a truck and him wandering throughout the many different areas of Chicago, with slow-motion shots and angles highlighting the streets, buildings, monuments and citizens. The various locations and landmarks that he visits or are shown include the Cloud Gate sculpture at Millennium Park, DuSable Museum of African American History, Tribune Tower, Jay Pritzker Pavilion, the Sears Tower, and the Cabrini–Green and Harold L. Ickes housing projects. Some of West's early friends follow him around Chicago, including a young girl that repeatedly makes appearances. Cameos are also made from local hip-hop acts like L.E.P. Bogus Boys and Common, whose work is referenced in the song. Throughout the video, these scenes are interspersed with animated silhouette outlines and shots of West rapping the song's verses, surrounded by reflective mirrors on top of a moving vehicle and Martin singing the chorus while playing an upright piano.

The music video was listed at number 84 on BET's Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2008 countdown. On their 2013 list of West's 42 best music videos, Complex placed the visual at number 32; the writers praised the montage of West's revisit to the city with the accompaniment of friends and rap acts. VH1 ranked the music video as the fifth greatest clip filmed in an artist's hometown a year later, with Lucelenia Amparo hailing the shots of Chicago and "the perfect touch" from Martin. It received a nomination for Best Hip Hop Video at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards.

Commercial performance
"Homecoming" debuted at number 96 on the US Billboard Hot 100 for the issue dated June 7, 2008. The next week, it rose to number 83 on the Hot 100. The track then moved up 12 spaces, a week before peaking at number 69 on the chart. It lasted for seven weeks on the Hot 100. "Homecoming" entered the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 68 on the issue dated May 22, 2008, standing as the highest debut of the week. Thereafter, the track peaked at number 33 on the chart issue dated June 14. That very same week, it debuted at number 19 on the US Hot Rap Songs chart. Around a month later, the track reached its peak position of number 15 on the Hot Rap Songs chart issue dated July 12, 2008. By August 2015, "Homecoming" had been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for amassing 1,000,000 certifiable units in the United States, standing as one of West's 10 platinum singles in the country for 2015. It was later awarded a triple platinum certification by the RIAA for reaching 3,000,000 certified units in the US on August 8, 2023.

"Homecoming" was commercially successful across Europe. The track debuted at number 19 on the Irish Singles Chart for January 10, 2008, marking the week's highest entry. Two weeks later, it peaked at number five on the chart. The track debuted at number 77 on the UK Singles Chart for the issue date September 29, 2007. It then exited the chart, re-entering at number 69 on December 30. The track peaked at number nine on the UK Singles Chart on January 20, 2008. It became West's eighth top-10 track in the UK and his seventh as a solo artist, while lasting for 20 weeks on the chart. At the end of 2008, the track ranked as the 91st most successful release on the UK Singles Chart. The track stands as West's 20th biggest hit of all time in the UK up to August 5, 2021. On September 9, 2022, "Homecoming" received a platinum certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for selling 600,000 units in the country. The track debuted at number 11 on Norway's Topp 40 Singles chart, while it entered the Finnish Singles Chart at number 17 and peaked four positions higher after fluctuating for a few weeks. "Homecoming" charted at numbers 15 and 16 in Denmark and Turkey, respectively. The track further attained top 40 positions in Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, Austria, and Switzerland. On October 17, 2023, the track was awarded a platinum certification from IFPI Danmark for shipments of 90,000 units in Denmark. In Oceania, the track reached number 22 on the New Zealand Singles Chart. "Homecoming" further peaked at number 32 on the ARIA Singles Chart in Australia, where it was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipping 35,000 copies on December 31, 2015.

Live performances
West included "Homecoming" as one of the closing performances from the setlist on his Glow in the Dark Tour, which began on April 16, 2008, at the KeyArena in Seattle, Washington. It was one of the various songs taken from West's first three studio albums that he utilized for his conceptual concert. The songs served to form a space opera storyline, telling the tale of how a stranded space traveler struggles for over a year making attempts to escape from a distant planet while on a mission to bring creativity back to Earth. West walked across the stage rocking a white jacket and large eyewear while performing "Homecoming" on the final night of Lollapalooza 2008 in August, co-headlining the festival in Chicago. The song was performed by West during his 90-minute headlining set for the annual dance music festival Global Gathering at Long Marston Airfield near Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, on July 25, 2008. West was the first hip-hop artist to headline the festival and he was accompanied by lighting and smoke effects, alongside backup singers.

West performed the song during his show for VH1 in February 2009, although the performance was not originally broadcast. It was later included as the tenth performance on the DVD of his second live album VH1 Storytellers on January 5, 2010, being added as a bonus clip. West performed "Homecoming" to an audience of 3,000 students from six different Chicago public schools for his second annual free Stay In School benefit concert at the Chicago Theatre on June 11, 2009, generating excitement amongst the audience. The concert was organized through West's charity foundation to help raise awareness of it, and he later partnered with Fuse for the show's television broadcast on July 25. On August 12, 2010, West and Legend performed the song to open their secret black-tie show at The Box nightclub on Chrystie Street in Manhattan, NYC, held for around 200 select attendees over 90 minutes. West dubbed the function "Rosewood" and used a stage set-up including a Roland TR-808 drum machine, a keyboard, and two microphones, with one utilized solely for Auto-Tune. Legend sat at the set-up's baby grand piano for the performance, which was accompanied by a red backdrop. On December 31, 2010, West made a surprise appearance during Jay-Z and Coldplay's co-headlining set at the Marquee Nightclub for the grand opening of the luxury resort casino and hotel Cosmpolitan on the Las Vegas Strip of Paradise, Nevada, performing the song with Martin for the first time. West performed the song live for his headlining set at the 2011 Coachella Festival. On December 18, 2013, West performed the song towards the close of his second show at Chicago's United Center on The Yeezus Tour (2013–14). The performance was the first one of "Homecoming" on the tour and saw the crowd chanting the lyrics back to West.

Appearances in media
A remix of "Homecoming" by DiscoTech was included as the 17th track of Sky High on November 17, 2008, a mixtape consisting of remixes of various tracks that West originally produced and it was compiled by DJ Benzi with the rapper's associate Plain Pat. The project was commissioned by West and his team in the lead-up to his fourth studio album 808s & Heartbreak, with each remix experiencing at least five reiterations before release and they are mostly club-friendly dance themed numbers. Leo Flynn produced a Rockabye Baby! CD that consisted of instrumental lullaby renditions of West's tracks and was released on May 18, 2010, including "Homecoming" as the 12th and final track. On June 7, 2012, producer Carlos Serrano shared his mashup of "Homecoming" and singer-songwriter Lana Del Rey's "Born to Die" (2011), layering West and Martin's vocals over the instrumentation of the latter song. Production duo Urban Noize included a re-imagined version of the song on their remix EP Mr. West on July 20, which consisted of remixes of eight tracks across West's career chosen by the duo.

On October 3, 2016, Jeff Kirshman published his ode to "Homecoming" in Brooklyn Magazine, writing that it reminds him of living in Wyoming due to invoking his memories of images and knowledge. Kirshman particularly enjoyed the song when he listened to Graduation in high school and he first performed it at a dilapidated Hollywood-themed Karen & Jim's venue, with his view of his rap skills as basic being affirmed by the crowd's negative reactions. He was compelled to perform the song again and did this at a bar while drinking warm beer by a row of dim lights, onlooked by a mounted head of the Star Wars character Admiral Ackbar. On April 29, 2022, British rapper Dave played a section of the song on piano for his We're All Alone in This Together tour's show at the Riviera Theatre in Chicago, serving as a tribute to West.

Track listing

 * German digital download
 * 1) "Homecoming" (featuring Chris Martin)
 * 2) "Stronger" (Ad Remix – Main)
 * German Maxi-single
 * 1) "Homecoming" (featuring Chris Martin)
 * 2) "Good Night" (featuring Mos Def and Al Be Back)
 * Japanese 12" vinyl
 * 1) "Homecoming" (featuring Chris Martin)
 * 2) "Stronger" (Ad Remix – Main)

Credits and personnel
Information taken from Graduation liner notes.

Recording
 * Recorded at Fever Recording Studios (North Hollywood, CA), Abbey Road Studios (London), Sony Music Studios (NYC), and Record Plant and Ocean Way Recording (Hollywood)
 * Mixed at Chalice Studios (Hollywood) and Chung King Studios (NYC)

Personnel


 * Kanye West – songwriter, producer
 * Warryn Campbell – songwriter, producer
 * Chris Martin – songwriter, additional vocals
 * Andrew Dawson – recorder, mix engineer
 * Bruce Buechner – recorder
 * Anthony Kilhoffer – recorder
 * Greg Koller – recorder
 * Mike Dean – mix engineer
 * Matty Green – assistant mix engineer
 * Anthony Palazzole – assistant mix engineer
 * Andy Marcinkowski – assistant mix engineer
 * Jon Brion – percussionist
 * Sean Cooper – sound design
 * DJ "Reflex" – project coordinator
 * Sandra Campbell – project coordinator