Hoop (rhythmic gymnastics)

Introduction
The rhythmic hoop is an apparatus used in the sport of rhythmic gymnastics. It is one of the five apparatuses utilized in this discipline, alongside the ball, clubs, ribbon, and rope. Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation.

History
At the end of the 19th century, a movement known as "The Physical Culture Movement". This movement was an effort to promote physical fitness for everyone and included challenging exercises to increase body strength, flexibility, and overall fitness. This quickly grew to popularity as students were to be strong and healthy. Johann Christoph Guts Muths and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, the fathers of German gymnastics, encouraged people to exercise using items such as medicine balls and dumbells.

Evolution of the Apparatus
Over the years, the design and materials of the hoop have evolved to enhance performance. Early hoops were often made of wood, but modern hoops are typically constructed from durable plastics that can withstand rigorous use and provide better flexibility.

Description
A hoop is an apparatus in rhythmic gymnastics and may be made of plastic or wood, provided that it retains its shape during the routine. The interior diameter is from 51 cm to 90 cm, and the hoop must weigh a minimum of 300 g. The hoop may be of a natural colour or be partially of fully covered by one or several colours, and it may be covered with adhesive tape either of the same or different colour as the hoop.

Many of the techniques of rhythmic gymnastics have been adopted by the modern hooping community.

Techniques and Movements
Rhythmic gymnasts perform various techniques with the hoop, including:
 * Rolls: The hoop rolls over different parts of the body such as the arms, legs, and torso.
 * Spins: The hoop spins around the hand or other body parts.
 * Throws: The hoop is thrown into the air and caught, often with complex body movements in between.
 * Manipulations: Includes movements such as swings, circles, and figure-eights.

Complex Movements
Advanced gymnasts incorporate complex movements and transitions, such as:
 * Jumping through the Hoop: Performing leaps and jumps through the hoop, which requires precise timing and control.
 * Multi-hoop Handling: Some routines may involve the simultaneous use of multiple hoops, showcasing extraordinary coordination and skill.