Hossein-Qoli Nezam al-Saltaneh Mafi

Mirza Hossein-Qoli Khan Mafi (1832 – 6 August 1908) titled Nezam al-Saltaneh (نظام السلطنه) was an Iranian politician serving as the prime minister of Iran from 21 December 1907 to 21 May 1908.

Hossein-Qoli belonged to a sub-branch of the Lur Bayranavand tribe, the Mafi clan. Since 1794, the clan had lived in Qazvin and its surroundings. Before becoming prime minister, Hossein-Qoli served as the governor of Bushehr (1857), Yazd (1874), Dashtestan (1875), Zanjan (1885), Khuzestan and Bakhtiari areas along with Chaharmahal (1887 and again in 1894), Azerbaijan (1899) and Fars.

He died at the age of 86 and is buried in Imamzadeh Abdollah, Ray.

Numerous contemporary accounts describe Hossein-Qoli as an aspirational, thoughtful, and trustworthy administrator. He was a devoted Muslim and an ardent nationalist. He followed traditional social norms and, like his brother Mohammad-Hasan Khan, he was against the growing trend of many of their peers copying everything that was European. Hossein-Qoli was a patron of the poets Iraj Mirza and Forsat-od-Dowleh Shirazi and was well-versed in classical Persian literature and Iranian history.

His letters were frequently mixed with sayings and poetry. Hossein-Qoli described his tour to the ruins of the Sasanian city of al-Mada'in in Ottoman Iraq with a sarcastic sense of humor and a pragmatic approach to life in general. He wrote, "I beheld Mada'in, but took no heed," a reference to the famous poem by the 12th-century poet Khaqani in which the viewer at the ruins of Mada'in is cautioned to pay heed to the shifting fortunes and ravages of time.